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  1. Blue light is part of the natural light spectrum that emits high energy. Currently, people are frequently exposed to blue light from 3C devices, resulting in a growing incidence of retinopathy. The retinal vas...

    Authors: Yen-Ju Chan, George Hsiao, Wang-Nok Wan, Tsung-Min Yang, Chi-Hao Tsai, Jaw-Jou Kang, Yu-Cheng Lee, Te-Chao Fang, Yu-Wen Cheng and Ching-Hao Li
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Quantitative measurements of cerebrospinal fluid to blood clearance has previously not been established for neurological diseases. Possibly, variability in cerebrospinal fluid clearance may affect the underlyi...

    Authors: Markus Herberg Hovd, Espen Mariussen, Hilde Uggerud, Aslan Lashkarivand, Hege Christensen, Geir Ringstad and Per Kristian Eide
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. White matter changes (WMC) on brain imaging can be classified as deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) or periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and are frequently seen in patients with idiopathic normal p...

    Authors: Carl Snöbohm, Filip Malmberg, Eva Freyhult, Kim Kultima, David Fällmar and Johan Virhammar
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Cerebrovascular complications involving endothelial dysfunction at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are central to the pathogenesis of diabetes-related CNS disorders. However, clinical and experimental studies ha...

    Authors: Ravi K Sajja, Shikha Prasad and Luca Cucullo
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2014 11:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Since the first attempts in the 1970s to isolate cerebral microvessel endothelial cells (CECs) in order to model the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in vitro, the need for a human BBB model that closely mimics the in v...

    Authors: Babette Weksler, Ignacio A Romero and Pierre-Olivier Couraud
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:16
    Content type: Review Published on:

  6. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is considered an age-dependent chronic communicating hydrocephalus associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malabsorption; however, the aetiology of ventricular...

    Authors: Shigeki Yamada, Masatsune Ishikawa and Kazuhiko Nozaki
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:20
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a sensorimotor disorder that causes patients to experience overwhelming and distressing sensations in the legs compelling the patient to move their legs...

    Authors: Stephanie M Patton, Yong Won Cho, Thomas W Clardy, Richard P Allen, Christopher J Earley and James R Connor
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. In addition to possessing intracellular vesicles, eukaryotic cells also produce extracellular microvesicles, ranging from 50 to 1000 nm in diameter that are released or shed into the microenvironment under phy...

    Authors: Arsalan S Haqqani, Christie E Delaney, Tammy-Lynn Tremblay, Caroline Sodja, Jagdeep K Sandhu and Danica B Stanimirovic
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. COVID-19, which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in devastating morbidity and mortality worldwide due to lethal pneumonia and respiratory distress. In ad...

    Authors: Daniel Adesse, Luis Gladulich, Liandra Alvarez-Rosa, Michele Siqueira, Anne Caroline Marcos, Marialice Heider, Caroline Soares Motta, Silvia Torices, Michal Toborek and Joice Stipursky
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:63
    Content type: Review Published on:

  10. Guanidino compounds (GCs), such as creatine, phosphocreatine, guanidinoacetic acid, creatinine, methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid, γ-guanidinobutyric acid, β-guanidinopropionic acid, guanidinoethane sulf...

    Authors: Masanori Tachikawa and Ken-ichi Hosoya
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:13
    Content type: Review Published on:

  11. Peri-sinus structures such as arachnoid granulations (AG) and the parasagittal dural (PSD) space have gained much recent attention as sites of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) egress and neuroimmune surveillance. N...

    Authors: Kilian Hett, Colin D. McKnight, Melanie Leguizamon, Jennifer S. Lindsey, Jarrod J. Eisma, Jason Elenberger, Adam J. Stark, Alexander K. Song, Megan Aumann, Ciaran M. Considine, Daniel O. Claassen and Manus J. Donahue
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Implantation of ventricular catheters (VCs) to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a standard approach to treat hydrocephalus. VCs fail frequently due to tissue obstructing the lumen via the drainage holes. Mec...

    Authors: Prashant Hariharan, Jeffrey Sondheimer, Alexandra Petroj, Jacob Gluski, Andrew Jea, William E. Whitehead, Sandeep Sood, Steven D. Ham, Brandon G. Rocque, Neena I. Marupudi, James P. McAllister II, David Limbrick, Marc R. Del Bigio and Carolyn A. Harris
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Metastatic brain cancer has poor prognosis due to challenges in both detection and treatment. One contributor to poor prognosis is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which severely limits the transport of therapeu...

    Authors: Raleigh M. Linville, Joanna Maressa, Zhaobin Guo, Tracy D. Chung, Alanna Farrell, Ria Jha and Peter C. Searson
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. It has been proposed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can enter and leave the retina and optic nerve along perivascular spaces surrounding the central retinal vessels as part of an aquaporin-4 (AQP4) dependent o...

    Authors: Xiao J. Tong, Gokhan Akdemir, Meetu Wadhwa, Alan S. Verkman and Alex J. Smith
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Understanding molecular transport in the brain is critical to care and prevention of neurological disease and injury. A key question is whether transport occurs primarily by diffusion, or also by convection or...

    Authors: Lori A. Ray, Martin Pike, Matthew Simon, Jeffrey J. Iliff and Jeffrey J. Heys
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:55
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive and partially reversible form of dementia, characterized by impaired interactions between multiple brain regions. Because of the presence of com...

    Authors: Sara Fabbro, Daniele Piccolo, Maria Caterina Vescovi, Daniele Bagatto, Yan Tereshko, Enrico Belgrado, Marta Maieron, Maria Cristina De Colle, Miran Skrap and Francesco Tuniz
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Many animal models have been used to study the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus; most of these have been rodent models whose lissencephalic cerebral cortex may not respond to ventriculomegaly in the same way a...

    Authors: James P. McAllister II, Michael R. Talcott, Albert M. Isaacs, Sarah H. Zwick, Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Alexis L. Hartman, Ryan N. Dilger, Stephen A. Fleming, Rebecca K. Golden, Diego M. Morales, Carolyn A. Harris and David D. Limbrick Jr
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. The relationship between proteins in different CNS extracellular compartments is unknown. In this study the levels of selected proteins in three compartments in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS)...

    Authors: Joakim Bergman, Anders Svenningsson, Per Liv, Tommy Bergenheim and Joachim Burman
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Infusion testing is a common procedure to determine whether shunting will be beneficial in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. The method has a well-developed theoretical foundation and corresponding ...

    Authors: Vegard Vinje, Anders Eklund, Kent-Andre Mardal, Marie E. Rognes and Karen-Helene Støverud
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. The response of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, a...

    Authors: Peter Solár, Alemeh Zamani, Klaudia Lakatosová and Marek Joukal
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:29
    Content type: Review Published on:

  24. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) have a complex pathophysiology involving inflammatory response, ventricular zone and cell–cell junction disruption, and choroid-plexus...

    Authors: Ayodamola Otun, Diego M. Morales, Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Seth Goldberg, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Yan Yan, Albert M. Isaacs, Jennifer M. Strahle, James P. McAllister II and David D. Limbrick Jr
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Despite greatly renewed interest concerning meningeal lymphatic function over recent years, the lymphatic structures of human dura mater have been less characterized. The available information derives exclusiv...

    Authors: César Luis Vera Quesada, Shreyas Balachandra Rao, Reidun Torp and Per Kristian Eide
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through brain perivascular spaces (PVSs) is essential for the clearance of interstitial metabolic waste products whose accumulation and aggregation is a key mechanism of patho...

    Authors: Nikola Raicevic, Jarod M. Forer, Antonio Ladrón-de-Guevara, Ting Du, Maiken Nedergaard, Douglas H. Kelley and Kimberly Boster
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a syndrome of ventriculomegaly, gait impairment, cognitive decline and incontinence that occurs in an elderly population prone to many types of comorbidities....

    Authors: Jan Malm, Neill R Graff-Radford, Masatsune Ishikawa, Bo Kristensen, Ville Leinonen, Etsuro Mori, Brian K Owler, Mats Tullberg, Michael A Williams and Norman R Relkin
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:22
    Content type: Review Published on:

  28. The high-throughput brain slice method is a precise and robust technique for estimating the overall uptake of drugs into brain tissue through determination of the unbound volume of distribution in the brain (Vu,b...

    Authors: Irena Loryan, Markus Fridén and Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:6
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Understanding the pathophysiology of the blood brain–barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in diagnosis and treatment of disease conditions. Applying a sensitive and specific LC–MS/MS technique for the measureme...

    Authors: Behnam Noorani, Ekram Ahmed Chowdhury, Faleh Alqahtani, Yeseul Ahn, Dhavalkumar Patel, Abraham Al-Ahmad, Reza Mehvar and Ulrich Bickel
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:61
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a close representation of pathophysiological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS); therefore, it has been employed in pathogenesis research and biomarker dev...

    Authors: Tsuneo Nakajima, Shuko Takeda, Yuki Ito, Akane Oyama, Yoichi Takami, Yasushi Takeya, Koichi Yamamoto, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Shimizu, Munehisa Shimamura, Hiromi Rakugi and Ryuichi Morishita
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. In most tissues and organs, the lymphatic circulation is responsible for the removal of interstitial protein and fluid but the parenchyma of the brain and spinal cord is devoid of lymphatic vessels. On the oth...

    Authors: Lena Koh, Andrei Zakharov and Miles Johnston
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2005 2:6
    Content type: Review Published on:

  33. It has been shown that idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in children is associated with cerebral hyperemia, which induces an increase in cerebral venous pressure. The current literature suggests venou...

    Authors: Alexander Robert Bateman, Grant Alexander Bateman and Tracie Barber
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. The brain requires iron for a number of processes, including energy production. Inadequate or excessive amounts of iron can be detrimental and lead to a number of neurological disorders. As such, regulation of...

    Authors: Stephanie L. Baringer, Elizabeth B. Neely, Kondaiah Palsa, Ian A. Simpson and James R. Connor
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:49
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. The meninges surround the brain and spinal cord, affording physical protection while also serving as a niche of neuroimmune activity. Though possessing stromal qualities, its complex cellular and extracellular...

    Authors: Elise Santorella, Jeremy L. Balsbaugh, Shujun Ge, Parisa Saboori, David Baker and Joel S. Pachter
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Whether you are reading, running or sleeping, your brain and its fluid environment continuously interacts to distribute nutrients and clear metabolic waste. Yet, the precise mechanisms for solute transport wit...

    Authors: Vegard Vinje, Bastian Zapf, Geir Ringstad, Per Kristian Eide, Marie E. Rognes and Kent-Andre Mardal
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus (CoV), is known to cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, and a number of non-respiratory complications, particularly in older male patients with prior health conditions, such as ...

    Authors: Conor McQuaid, Molly Brady and Rashid Deane
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:32
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. The parenchyma of the brain does not contain lymphatics. Consequently, it has been assumed that arachnoid projections into the cranial venous system are responsible for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. Ho...

    Authors: Miles Johnston, Andrei Zakharov, Christina Papaiconomou, Giselle Salmasi and Dianna Armstrong
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2004 1:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. The vessels of the central nervous system (CNS) have unique barrier properties. The endothelial cells (ECs) which comprise the CNS vessels contribute to the barrier via strong tight junctions, specific transpo...

    Authors: Stephanie A. Ihezie, Iny Elizebeth Mathew, Devin W. McBride, Ari Dienel, Spiros L. Blackburn and Peeyush Kumar Thankamani Pandit
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:17
    Content type: Review Published on:

  41. Neurovascular coupling is a precise mechanism that induces increased blood flow to activated brain regions, thereby providing oxygen and glucose. In this study, we hypothesized that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)...

    Authors: Kyu-Sung Kim, Min Tae Jeon, Eun Seon Kim, Chan Hee Lee and Do-Geun Kim
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Many neuroscientists use the term Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) to emphasize restrictiveness, often equating or reducing the notion of BBB properties to tight junction molecules physically sealing cerebral endothe...

    Authors: Jerome Badaut, Jean-François Ghersi-Egea, Robert G. Thorne and Jan Pieter Konsman
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:3
    Content type: Review Published on:

  43. Ways to prevent disease-induced vascular modifications that accelerate brain damage remain largely elusive. Improved understanding of perivascular cell signalling could provide unparalleled insight as these ce...

    Authors: Julia Baumann, Chih-Chieh Tsao, Shalmali Patkar, Sheng-Fu Huang, Simona Francia, Synnøve Norvoll Magnussen, Max Gassmann, Johannes Vogel, Christina Köster-Hegmann and Omolara O. Ogunshola
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The active transport of molecules into the brain from blood is regulated by receptors, transporters, and other cell surface proteins that are present on the luminal surface of endothelial cells at the blood–br...

    Authors: Tammy-Lynn Tremblay, Wael Alata, Jacqueline Slinn, Ewa Baumann, Christie E. Delaney, Maria Moreno, Arsalan S. Haqqani, Danica B. Stanimirovic and Jennifer J. Hill
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Inside the incompressible cranium, the volume of cerebrospinal fluid is directly linked to blood volume: a change in either will induce a compensatory change in the other. Vasodilatory lowering of blood pressu...

    Authors: Jari Jukkola, Mika Kaakinen, Abhishek Singh, Sadegh Moradi, Hany Ferdinando, Teemu Myllylä, Vesa Kiviniemi and Lauri Eklund
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Microdialysis is a technique that can be utilized to sample the interstitial fluid of the central nervous system (CNS), including in primary malignant brain tumors known as gliomas. Gliomas are mainly accessib...

    Authors: Cecile Riviere-Cazaux, Karishma Rajani, Masum Rahman, Juhee Oh, Desmond A. Brown, Jaclyn F. White, Benjamin T. Himes, Ignacio Jusue-Torres, Moses Rodriguez, Arthur E. Warrington, Sani H. Kizilbash, William F. Elmquist and Terry C. Burns
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. In severe acute pancreatitis (AP) the CNS is affected manifesting in neurological symptoms. Earlier research from our laboratory showed blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability elevation in a taurocholate-induce...

    Authors: Fruzsina R. Walter, András Harazin, Andrea E. Tóth, Szilvia Veszelka, Ana R. Santa-Maria, Lilla Barna, András Kincses, György Biczó, Zsolt Balla, Balázs Kui, József Maléth, László Cervenak, Vilmos Tubak, Ágnes Kittel, Zoltán Rakonczay Jr and Mária A. Deli
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Knowledge of the molecular basis and transport function of the human blood–brain barrier (BBB) is important for not only understanding human cerebral physiology, but also development of new central nervous sys...

    Authors: Keita Shimomura, Takashi Okura, Sayaka Kato, Pierre-Olivier Couraud, Jean-Michel Schermann, Tetsuya Terasaki and Yoshiharu Deguchi
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:8
    Content type: Research Published on:
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  • ISSN: 2045-8118 (electronic)

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118