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  1. Severe neonatal jaundice resulting from elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood induces dramatic neurological impairment. Central oxidative stress and an inflammatory response have been associat...

    Authors: Sandrine Blondel, Nathalie Strazielle, Amel Amara, Rainui Guy, Christine Bain, Alix Rose, Laurent Guibaud, Claudio Tiribelli, Silvia Gazzin and Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:47
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The growth of malignant tumors is influenced by their microenvironment. Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, may have cysts containing fluid that represents the tumor microenvironment. The aim of t...

    Authors: Daniel Dahlberg, Jutta Rummel, Sonia Distante, Gustavo Antonio De Souza, Maria Ekman Stensland, Espen Mariussen, Helge Rootwelt, Øyvind Voie and Bjørnar Hassel
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Dysregulation of brain fluid homeostasis associates with brain pathologies in which fluid accumulation leads to elevated intracranial pressure. Surgical intervention remains standard care, since specific and e...

    Authors: Søren N. Andreassen, Trine L. Toft-Bertelsen, Jonathan H. Wardman, René Villadsen and Nanna MacAulay
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:44
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Cerebral infarction accounts for 85% of all stroke cases. Even in an era of rapid and effective recanalization using an intravascular approach, the majority of patients have poor functional outcomes. Thus, the...

    Authors: Kei Sato, Shinsuke Nakagawa, Yoichi Morofuji, Yuki Matsunaga, Takashi Fujimoto, Daisuke Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Izumo, Masami Niwa, Fruzsina R. Walter, Judit P. Vigh, Ana Raquel Santa-Maria, Maria A. Deli and Takayuki Matsuo
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:43
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Guanidinoacetate (GAA) induces epileptogenesis and neurotoxicity in the brain. As epileptic animal models have been reported to show elevated cerebral GAA levels, the processing mechanism of GAA in the brain i...

    Authors: Ryuta Jomura, Shin-ichi Akanuma, Yoshiyuki Kubo, Masanori Tachikawa and Ken-ichi Hosoya
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:42
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly submitted in vivo to hemodynamical forces derived from the blood circulation, including shear stress (SS). ECs are able to detect SS and consequently adapt their phenotyp...

    Authors: Nina Choublier, Meryam Taghi, Marie-Claude Menet, Morgane Le Gall, Johanna Bruce, Philippe Chafey, François Guillonneau, Amélie Moreau, Claire Denizot, Yannick Parmentier, Samir Nakib, Didier Borderie, Haniaa Bouzinba-Segard, Pierre-Olivier Couraud, Sandrine Bourdoulous and Xavier Declèves
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:41
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Mammalian Claudin-5 is the main endothelial tight junction component maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, while Claudin-1 and -3 seal the paracellular space of choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cel...

    Authors: Yanyu Li, Chunchun Wang, Liang Zhang, Bing Chen, Yuqian Mo and Jingjing Zhang
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Congenital hydrocephalus occurs with some inheritable characteristics, but the mechanisms of its development remain poorly understood. Animal models provide the opportunity to identify potential genetic causes...

    Authors: Hanbing Xu, Masakazu Miyajima, Madoka Nakajima, Ikuko Ogino, Kaito Kawamura, Chihiro Akiba, Chihiro Kamohara, Koichiro Sakamoto, Kostadin Karagiozov, Eri Nakamura, Nobuhiro Tada, Hajime Arai and Akihide Kondo
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Human blood brain barrier (BBB) models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become an important tool for the discovery and preclinical evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) targeting c...

    Authors: Jez Huang, Ying Betty Li, Claudie Charlebois, Tina Nguyen, Ziying Liu, Darin Bloemberg, Ahmed Zafer, Ewa Baumann, Caroline Sodja, Sonia Leclerc, Gwen Fewell, Qing Liu, Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian, Scott McComb, Danica B. Stanimirovic and Anna Jezierski
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:38
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  10. Parkinson’s disease is mainly caused by aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain. Exchange of α-syn between the brain and peripheral tissues could have important pathophysiological and therapeutic impli...

    Authors: Parvez Alam, Mikkel R. Holst, Line Lauritsen, Janni Nielsen, Simone S. E. Nielsen, Poul Henning Jensen, Jonathan R. Brewer, Daniel E. Otzen and Morten S. Nielsen
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. White matter changes (WMC) on brain imaging can be classified as deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) or periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and are frequently seen in patients with idiopathic normal p...

    Authors: Carl Snöbohm, Filip Malmberg, Eva Freyhult, Kim Kultima, David Fällmar and Johan Virhammar
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Oxidative stress is a shared pathology of neurodegenerative disease and brain injuries, and is derived from perturbations to normal cell processes by aging or environmental factors such as UV exposure and air ...

    Authors: Tracy D. Chung, Raleigh M. Linville, Zhaobin Guo, Robert Ye, Ria Jha, Gabrielle N. Grifno and Peter C. Searson
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Blood biomarkers of neurological diseases are often employed to rule out or confirm the presence of significant intracranial or cerebrovascular pathology or for the differential diagnosis of conditions with si...

    Authors: Robert Murcko, Nicola Marchi, Damian Bailey and Damir Janigro
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides a close representation of pathophysiological changes occurring in the central nervous system (CNS); therefore, it has been employed in pathogenesis research and biomarker dev...

    Authors: Tsuneo Nakajima, Shuko Takeda, Yuki Ito, Akane Oyama, Yoichi Takami, Yasushi Takeya, Koichi Yamamoto, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Shimizu, Munehisa Shimamura, Hiromi Rakugi and Ryuichi Morishita
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:31
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. The response of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) following a stroke, including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), has been studied extensively. The main components of this reaction are endothelial cells, pericytes, a...

    Authors: Peter Solár, Alemeh Zamani, Klaudia Lakatosová and Marek Joukal
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:29
    Content type: Review Published on:

  19. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both neonatal and adult populations. IVH not only causes immediate damage to surrounding structures by way of mass effect ...

    Authors: Katherine G. Holste, Fan Xia, Fenghui Ye, Richard F. Keep and Guohua Xi
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:28
    Content type: Review Published on:

  22. Integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) is a transmembrane protein expressed in a variety of tissues; little is known about its function, particularly in the brain. ITM2A was found to be highly enriched in human bra...

    Authors: Céline Cegarra, C. Chaves, C. Déon, T. M. Do, B. Dumas, A. Frenzel, P. Kuhn, V. Roudieres, J. C. Guillemot and D. Lesuisse
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Recent studies have suggested alternative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance pathways for brain parenchymal metabolic waste products. One fundamental but relatively under-explored component of these pathways ...

    Authors: Kilian Hett, Colin D. McKnight, Jarrod J. Eisma, Jason Elenberger, Jennifer S. Lindsey, Ciaran M. Considine, Daniel O. Claassen and Manus J. Donahue
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Adenylyl cyclases (ADCYs), by generating second messenger cAMP, play important roles in various cellular processes. Their expression, regulation and functions in the CNS, however, remain largely unknown. In th...

    Authors: Karan Devasani and Yao Yao
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:23
    Content type: Review Published on:

  25. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are an accelerating global health problem. Nevertheless, the stronghold of the brain- the blood–brain barrier (BBB) prevents drug penetrance and dwindles effective treatments. ...

    Authors: Sara Hernando, Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou, Dimitrios Voulgaris, Rosa Maria Hernandez, Manoli Igartua and Anna Herland
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. In sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition is believed to be a consequence of impaired Aβ clearance, but this relationship is not well established in living humans. CSF clearance,...

    Authors: Yi Li, Henry Rusinek, Tracy Butler, Lidia Glodzik, Elizabeth Pirraglia, John Babich, P. David Mozley, Sadek Nehmeh, Silky Pahlajani, Xiuyuan Wang, Emily B. Tanzi, Liangdong Zhou, Sara Strauss, Roxana O. Carare, Neil Theise, Nobuyuki Okamura…
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Hydrocephalus (increased ventricular size due to CSF accumulation) is a common finding in human ciliopathies and in mouse models with genetic depletion of the multiciliated cell (MCC) cilia machinery. However,...

    Authors: Yuechuan Xue, Zachary Gursky, Brittany Monte, Sunil Koundal, Xiaodan Liu, Hedok Lee, Tatyana V. Michurina, Kennelia A. Mellanson, Lucy Zhao, Alice Nemajerova, Kristopher T. Kahle, Ken-Ichi Takemaru, Grigori Enikolopov, Natalia I. Peunova and Helene Benveniste
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Scientific conferences are vital communication events for scientists in academia, industry, and government agencies. In the brain barriers research field, several international conferences exist that allow res...

    Authors: Brianna M. Holder, Shaina E. Tolan, Kaleb K. Heinrich, Kaitlin C. Miller, Natalie Hudson, Geetika Nehra, Michelle E. Pizzo, Steffen E. Storck, William F. Elmquist, Britta Engelhardt, Irena Loryan, Michal Toborek, Bjoern Bauer, Anika M. S. Hartz and Brandon J. Kim
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a highly organized multicellular system localized in the brain, formed by neuronal, glial (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) and vascular (endothelial cells and peric...

    Authors: Parand Zarekiani, Henrique Nogueira Pinto, Elly M. Hol, Marianna Bugiani and Helga E. de Vries
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:18
    Content type: Review Published on:

  30. Hydrocephalus is a neurological disease with an incidence of 80–125 per 100,000 births in the United States. Neuropathology comprises ventriculomegaly, periventricular white matter (PVWM) alterations, inflamma...

    Authors: Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Sarah Zwick, Michael Talcott, Ayodamola Otun, Albert M. Isaacs, Diego M. Morales, David D. Limbrick Jr. and James P. McAllister II
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. In severe acute pancreatitis (AP) the CNS is affected manifesting in neurological symptoms. Earlier research from our laboratory showed blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability elevation in a taurocholate-induce...

    Authors: Fruzsina R. Walter, András Harazin, Andrea E. Tóth, Szilvia Veszelka, Ana R. Santa-Maria, Lilla Barna, András Kincses, György Biczó, Zsolt Balla, Balázs Kui, József Maléth, László Cervenak, Vilmos Tubak, Ágnes Kittel, Zoltán Rakonczay Jr and Mária A. Deli
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Lumbar punctures are a common examination in the work-up of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers should therefore be available for use in selec...

    Authors: Madelene Braun, Caroline Bjurnemark, Woosung Seo, Eva Freyhult, Dag Nyholm, Valter Niemelä, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, David Fällmar, Kim Kultima and Johan Virhammar
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation in the brain has garnered considerable attention in recent times. In contrast, there have been fewer studies focused on the spine, despite the expected importance of CSF c...

    Authors: Shinuo Liu, Lynne E. Bilston, Neftali Flores Rodriguez, Courtney Wright, Simon McMullan, Robert Lloyd, Marcus A. Stoodley and Sarah J. Hemley
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, heterogenous disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Currently, active disease is determined by physician confirm...

    Authors: Michael Mazzucco, William Mannheim, Samantha V. Shetty and Jennifer R. Linden
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a core component of neurosurgical diagnostics. With the introduction of telemetric monitoring devices in the last years, ICP monitoring has become feasible in a broade...

    Authors: Isabel Martinez-Tejada, Casper Schwartz Riedel, Marianne Juhler, Morten Andresen and Jens E. Wilhjelm
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. The relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and the clinical features of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) has been inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate CSF biomarkers reflecting ...

    Authors: Heikki Lukkarinen, Anna Jeppsson, Carsten Wikkelsö, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Radu Constantinescu, Anne M. Remes, Sanna-Kaisa Herukka, Mikko Hiltunen, Tuomas Rauramaa, Katarina Nägga, Ville Leinonen and Mats Tullberg
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived brain endothelial-like cells (iBECs) are a robust, scalable, and translatable model of the human blood–brain barrier (BBB). Prior works have shown that high ...

    Authors: Lindsey M. Williams, Takashi Fujimoto, Riley R. Weaver, Aric F. Logsdon, Kira M. Evitts, Jessica E. Young, William A. Banks and Michelle A. Erickson
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. The glymphatic hypothesis proposes a mechanism for extravascular transport into and out of the brain of hydrophilic solutes unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. It suggests that there is a circulation of f...

    Authors: Stephen B. Hladky and Margery A. Barrand
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:9
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Intrathecal drug delivery has a significant role in pain management and central nervous system (CNS) disease therapeutics. A fluid-physics based tool to assist clinicians in choosing specific drug doses to the...

    Authors: Mohammadreza Khani, Goutham Kumar Reddy Burla, Lucas R. Sass, Ostin N. Arters, Tao Xing, Haiming Wu and Bryn A. Martin
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. C–C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) and its endogenous ligand, CCL5, participate in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases. However, much remains unknown regarding CCL5/CCR1 signaling in blood–brain b...

    Authors: Jun Yan, Weilin Xu, Cameron Lenahan, Lei Huang, Umut Ocak, Jing Wen, Gaigai Li, Wei He, Chensheng Le, John H. Zhang, Ligen Mo and Jiping Tang
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Ways to prevent disease-induced vascular modifications that accelerate brain damage remain largely elusive. Improved understanding of perivascular cell signalling could provide unparalleled insight as these ce...

    Authors: Julia Baumann, Chih-Chieh Tsao, Shalmali Patkar, Sheng-Fu Huang, Simona Francia, Synnøve Norvoll Magnussen, Max Gassmann, Johannes Vogel, Christina Köster-Hegmann and Omolara O. Ogunshola
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Altered cerebrovascular function and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can contribute to chronic neuropathology and increase the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TBI due to a ...

    Authors: Alexander T. Clark, Eric E. Abrahamson, Matthew M. Harper and Milos D. Ikonomovic
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome measure timed up and go (TUG) in a large, nationwide cohort of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) pre- and post-operatively. Further...

    Authors: Nina Sundström, Johanna Rydja, Johan Virhammar, Lena Kollén, Fredrik Lundin and Mats Tullberg
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) is critically important to the pathophysiology of the central nervous system (CNS). However, this barrier prevents the safe transmission of beneficial drugs ...

    Authors: Yi Kung, Kuan-Yu Chen, Wei-Hao Liao, Yi-Hua Hsu, Chueh-Hung Wu, Ming-Yen Hsiao, Abel P.-H. Huang and Wen-Shiang Chen
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. The treatment of hydrocephalus has been a topic of intense research ever since the first clinically successful use of a valved cerebrospinal fluid shunt 72 years ago. While ample studies elucidating different ...

    Authors: Anthony Podgoršak, Nina Eva Trimmel, Markus Florian Oertel, Sara Qvarlander, Margarete Arras, Anders Eklund, Miriam Weisskopf and Marianne Schmid Daners
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) experience hypoxic conditions during early brain development. The newly formed capillaries are tight and functional before astrocytes and pericytes join the capillarie...

    Authors: Burak Ozgür, Hans Christian Cederberg Helms, Erica Tornabene and Birger Brodin
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) have a complex pathophysiology involving inflammatory response, ventricular zone and cell–cell junction disruption, and choroid-plexus...

    Authors: Ayodamola Otun, Diego M. Morales, Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Seth Goldberg, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Yan Yan, Albert M. Isaacs, Jennifer M. Strahle, James P. McAllister II and David D. Limbrick Jr
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:62
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation between the brain and spinal canal, as part of the glymphatic system, provides homeostatic support to brain functions and waste clearance. Recently, it has been observed t...

    Authors: Marco Muccio, David Chu, Lawrence Minkoff, Neeraj Kulkarni, Brianna Damadian, Raymond V. Damadian and Yulin Ge
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:61
    Content type: Research Published on:
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  • ISSN: 2045-8118 (electronic)

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118