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  2. The choroid plexus functions as the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, plays an important role in CSF production and circulation, and has gained increased attention in light of the recent elucidation of ...

    Authors: Jarrod J. Eisma, Colin D. McKnight, Kilian Hett, Jason Elenberger, Caleb J. Han, Alexander K. Song, Ciaran Considine, Daniel O. Claassen and Manus J. Donahue
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The growth of malignant tumors is influenced by their microenvironment. Glioblastoma, an aggressive primary brain tumor, may have cysts containing fluid that represents the tumor microenvironment. The aim of t...

    Authors: Daniel Dahlberg, Jutta Rummel, Sonia Distante, Gustavo Antonio De Souza, Maria Ekman Stensland, Espen Mariussen, Helge Rootwelt, Øyvind Voie and Bjørnar Hassel
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:45
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening is under investigation as a therapeutic modality for neurodegeneration, yet its effects in humans are incompletely understood. Here, we asses...

    Authors: Rashi I. Mehta, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, Rupal I. Mehta, Marc W. Haut, Peng Wang, Manish Ranjan, Umer Najib, Pierre-François D’Haese and Ali R. Rezai
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:46
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The pathophysiological basis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is still unclear. Previous studies have shown a familial aggregation and a potential heritability when it comes to iNPH. Our aim ...

    Authors: Joel Räsänen, Joel Huovinen, Ville E. Korhonen, Antti Junkkari, Sami Kastinen, Simo Komulainen, Minna Oinas, Cecilia Avellan, Janek Frantzen, Jaakko Rinne, Antti Ronkainen, Mikko Kauppinen, Kimmo Lönnrot, Markus Perola, Anne M. Koivisto, Anne M. Remes…
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:57
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both neonatal and adult populations. IVH not only causes immediate damage to surrounding structures by way of mass effect ...

    Authors: Katherine G. Holste, Fan Xia, Fenghui Ye, Richard F. Keep and Guohua Xi
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:28
    Content type: Review Published on:

  9. The chemokine CXCL13 has been discussed as a diagnostic parameter with high specificity for Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and as a marker of disease activity. Neurosyphilis and LNB share similar characteristics....

    Authors: R Dersch, T Hottenrott, M Senel, V Lehmensiek, H Tumani, S Rauer and O Stich
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2015 12:12
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  10. Increased leukocyte adhesion to brain endothelial cells forming the blood–brain barrier (BBB) precedes extravasation into the central nervous system (CNS) in neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple scleros...

    Authors: Camilla Cerutti, Patricia Soblechero-Martin, Dongsheng Wu, Miguel Alejandro Lopez-Ramirez, Helga de Vries, Basil Sharrack, David Kingsley Male and Ignacio Andres Romero
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:8
    Content type: Research paper Published on:

  11. A classification of cardiac- and respiratory-driven components of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion has been demonstrated using echo planar imaging and time-spatial labeling inversion pulse techniques of magnet...

    Authors: Ken Takizawa, Mitsunori Matsumae, Saeko Sunohara, Satoshi Yatsushiro and Kagayaki Kuroda
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Elevation of the chemokine CXCL13 in CSF frequently occurs during active and acute CNS inflammatory processes and presumably is associated with B cell-related immune activation. Elevation levels, however, vary...

    Authors: Georg Pilz, Irma Sakic, Peter Wipfler, Jörg Kraus, Elisabeth Haschke-Becher, Wolfgang Hitzl, Eugen Trinka and Andrea Harrer
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) have reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid-β (Aβ) and α- and β-cleaved soluble forms of amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα and ...

    Authors: A. Jeppsson, Mikko Höltta, H. Zetterberg, K. Blennow, C. Wikkelsø and Mats Tullberg
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. Imaging of the brain surface vasculature following inflammatory insults is critical to study structural and functional changes in the living brain under normal and pathological conditions. Although there have ...

    Authors: Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez, Slava Rom and Yuri Persidsky
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2015 12:24
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. The central nervous system was previously thought to draw oxygen and nutrition from the arteries and discharge carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes into the venous system. At present, the functional role ...

    Authors: Tetsuya Akaishi, Eiko Onishi, Michiaki Abe, Hiroaki Toyama, Kota Ishizawa, Michio Kumagai, Ryosuke Kubo, Ichiro Nakashima, Masashi Aoki, Masanori Yamauchi and Tadashi Ishii
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. To improve the diagnostic performance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test (TT), early and delayed assessments of gait were performed after the removal of 30 ml of CSF in patients with probable idiopathic...

    Authors: Masatsune Ishikawa, Shigeki Yamada and Kazuo Yamamoto
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Current therapies for organophosphate poisoning involve administration of oximes, such as pralidoxime (2-PAM), that reactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Studies in animal models have shown a low concent...

    Authors: Erin Gallagher, Il Minn, Janice E. Chambers and Peter C. Searson
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that there are some errors in the formatting of names in the final version of the article.

    Authors: John Greenwood, Margareta Hammarlund-Udenaes, Hazel C. Jones, Alan W. Stitt, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Ignacio A. Romero, Matthew Campbell, Gert Fricker, Birger Brodin, Heiko Manninga, Pieter J. Gaillard, Markus Schwaninger, Carl Webster, Krzysztof B. Wicher and Michel Khrestchatisky
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:3
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:31

  20. A vascular disease could be involved in pathophysiology of normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). If so, there should be an association between INPH and cerebral microbleeds (CMB). This study aims to analyze if...

    Authors: Elias Johansson, Khalid Ambarki, Richard Birgander, Nazila Bahrami, Anders Eklund and Jan Malm
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:4
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  21. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an innovative source as an in vitro model for neurological diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the differentiation of brain microvascular endot...

    Authors: Ronak Patel and Abraham J. Alahmad
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Solutes can enter and leave gray matter in the brain by perivascular routes. The glymphatic hypothesis supposes that these movements are a consequence of inward flow along periarterial spaces and an equal outw...

    Authors: Stephen B. Hladky and Margery A. Barrand
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:24
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

    The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:6

    The Letter to the Editor Response to this article has been published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:23

  23. This article highlights the scientific achievements, professional career, and personal interactions of Malcolm B. Segal who passed away in July this year. Born in 1937 in Goodmayes, Essex, UK, Segal rose to th...

    Authors: Adam Chodobski, Jean-François Ghersi-Egea, Jane Preston-Kennedy, Zoran Redzic, Nathalie Strazielle, Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska and Robert G. Thorne
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:41
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Published on:

  24. It has been estimated that paediatric meningitis without elevated CSF white cell count (pleocytosis) accounts for 0.5–12% of all cases of bacterial meningitis. CSF protein and glucose measurements are therefor...

    Authors: Mona Noureldein, Roxana Mardare, Jack Pickard, Hoi Lun Shing and Michael Eisenhut
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:8
    Content type: Short Paper Published on:

  25. In a recent review article titled “A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation”, Brinker et al. comprehensively described novel insights from molecular and cellular biology as well as neuroimaging research, ...

    Authors: Peter Wostyn, Debby Van Dam, Kurt Audenaert, Hanspeter Esriel Killer, Peter Paul De Deyn and Veva De Groot
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2015 12:16
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  26. Research into brain barriers and brain fluids has been advancing rapidly in recent years. This editorial aims to highlight some of the advances that have improved our understanding of this complex subject. It ...

    Authors: Lester R. Drewes, Hazel C. Jones and Richard F. Keep
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:1
    Content type: Editorial Published on:

  27. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) does not only ascertain morphological features, but also measures physiological properties such as fluid velocity or pressure gradient. The purpose of this study was to investi...

    Authors: Ken Takizawa, Mitsunori Matsumae, Naokazu Hayashi, Akihiro Hirayama, Satoshi Yatsushiro and Kagayaki Kuroda
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Lumbar puncture (LP) is a common way of collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) both in the clinic and in research. In this extension of a study on the relationship between sleep deprivation and CSF biomarkers fo...

    Authors: Martin Olsson, Johan Ärlig, Jan Hedner, Kaj Blennow and Henrik Zetterberg
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:37
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  29. Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) are neurodegenerative diseases that can present with similar symptoms. These include decline in executive...

    Authors: V. E. Korhonen, E. Solje, N. M. Suhonen, T. Rauramaa, R. Vanninen, A. M. Remes and V. Leinonen
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:10
    Content type: Short Paper Published on:

  30. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a subtype of hydrocephalus that occurs more often in the elderly population. It is usually characterized by gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinenc...

    Authors: Miles Hudson, Caden Nowak, Richard J. Garling and Carolyn Harris
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:5
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. Many radiological signs are known for the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). However, there is little information about these signs in the pre-symptomatic phase. For pathophysiologic...

    Authors: D. C. Engel, S. D. Adib, M. U. Schuhmann and C. Brendle
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. The composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is not homogeneous, and concentrations of proteins from different origins diverge among ventricular, cisternal and lumbar CSF fractions. Concentrations of blood...

    Authors: Marija Djukic, Annette Spreer, Peter Lange, Stephanie Bunkowski, Jens Wiltfang and Roland Nau
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important mediator of beta-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain and a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One of the rece...

    Authors: B. Shackleton, F. Crawford and C. Bachmeier
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:14
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. We previously described inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alterations in a subgroup of patients with schizophreniform disorders and the synthesis of polyspecific intrathecal antibodies against different n...

    Authors: Dominique Endres, Daniela Huzly, Rick Dersch, Oliver Stich, Benjamin Berger, Florian Schuchardt, Evgeniy Perlov, Nils Venhoff, Sabine Hellwig, Bernd L. Fiebich, Daniel Erny, Tilman Hottenrott and Ludger Tebartz van Elst
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:34
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of abnormally high intracranial pressure with an unknown etiology. The objective of this study is to characterize craniospinal compliance and measure t...

    Authors: Monica D. Okon, Cynthia J. Roberts, Ashraf M. Mahmoud, Andrew N. Springer, Robert H. Small, John M. McGregor and Steven E. Katz
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), caused by infection with John Cunningham polyoma virus (JCPyV) in immune-compromised patients, is a serious demyelinating disease of the central nervous system...

    Authors: Nora Möhn, Yi Luo, Thomas Skripuletz, Philipp Schwenkenbecher, Inga Zerr, Peter Lange and Martin Stangel
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:28
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  37. Respiration-induced pressure changes represent a powerful driving force of CSF dynamics as previously demonstrated using flow-sensitive real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of the present st...

    Authors: Gökmen Aktas, Jost M. Kollmeier, Arun A. Joseph, Klaus-Dietmar Merboldt, Hans-Christoph Ludwig, Jutta Gärtner, Jens Frahm and Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. There is evidence that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and hydrocephalus share some common pathophysiological mechanisms. Alterations in CSF pressure are known to affect cerebral venous sinus geometry. T...

    Authors: Grant A. Bateman, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Ross Copping, Christopher Moeskops and Swee Leong Yap
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:18
    Content type: Short Paper Published on:

  40. The MRZ reaction (MRZR), composed of the three antibody indices (AI) against measles, rubella and varicella zoster virus and found positive in the majority of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) pati...

    Authors: Tilman Hottenrott, Rick Dersch, Benjamin Berger, Sebastian Rauer, Daniela Huzly and Oliver Stich
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is highly neurotropic causing congenital abnormalities and neurological damage to the central nervous systems (CNS). In this study, we used a human induced pluripotent st...

    Authors: Judie B. Alimonti, Maria Ribecco-Lutkiewicz, Caroline Sodja, Anna Jezierski, Danica B. Stanimirovic, Qing Liu, Arsalan S. Haqqani, Wayne Conlan and Mahmud Bani-Yaghoub
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:15
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  42. In our work, “Analysis of Convective and Diffusive Transport in the Brain Interstitium”, published in this journal (2019, 16:6), we estimate the interstitial superficial velocity by comparison of transport model ...

    Authors: Lori Ray, Jeffrey J. Iliff and Jeffrey J. Heys
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:23
    Content type: Letter to the Editor Response Published on:

    The original article was published in Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2019 16:24

  43. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a crucial method in the diagnostic process for suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), especially when cerebral imaging is negative or inconclusive. CSF cytology (detecti...

    Authors: R. Dersch, D. Benkler, T. Robinson, A. Baumgartner, S. Rauer and O. Stich
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:31
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  44. Time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) magnetic resonance imaging allows non-invasive visualization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement. Our study evaluated the sensitivity of the Time-SLIP tag pl...

    Authors: Erik H Middlebrooks, Jeffrey A Bennett and Alissa Old Crow
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2015 12:14
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  45. Meningeosis neoplastica is a diffuse metastatic spread of tumor cells in the subarachnoid space. Although first recognized in 1870, systematic investigations regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) constituents in...

    Authors: Marija Djukic, Ralf Trimmel, Ingelore Nagel, Annette Spreer, Peter Lange, Christine Stadelmann and Roland Nau
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Prior research on 3-week hydrocephalic rats showed that behavioral deficits and white matter damage could be reduced by treatment with Ca2+ channel blocker nimodipine. We hypothesized that treatment with nimodipi...

    Authors: Domenico L. Di Curzio, Xiaoyan Mao, Aidan Baker and Marc R. Del Bigio
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2018 15:14
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  47. The radiologic features and patterns of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) at initial presentation are well described. High response rates can be achieved with first-line high-dose methotrexate (H...

    Authors: Prakash Ambady, Rongwei Fu, Joao Prola Netto, Cymon Kersch, Jenny Firkins, Nancy D. Doolittle and Edward A. Neuwelt
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2017 14:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. A polyspecific, intrathecal humoral immune response against the neurotropic viruses, measles, rubella and varicella zoster virus, called “MRZ reaction” (MRZR), is present in the majority of patients with multi...

    Authors: Tilman Hottenrott, Rick Dersch, Benjamin Berger, Sebastian Rauer, Matthias Eckenweiler, Daniela Huzly and Oliver Stich
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2015 12:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Neovascularization, a distinguishing trait of high-grade glioma, is a target for anti-angiogenic treatment with bevacizumab (BEV). This study sought to use ferumoxytol-based dynamic susceptibility contrast mag...

    Authors: Joao Prola Netto, Daniel Schwartz, Csanad Varallyay, Rongwei Fu, Bronwyn Hamilton and Edward A. Neuwelt
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Uric acid (UA) is known to exert neuroprotective effects in the brain. However, the mechanism of UA regulation in the brain is not well characterized. In our previous study, we described that the mouse urate t...

    Authors: Naoko H. Tomioka, Yoshifuru Tamura, Tappei Takada, Shigeru Shibata, Hiroshi Suzuki, Shunya Uchida and Makoto Hosoyamada
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2016 13:22
    Content type: Research Published on:
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  • ISSN: 2045-8118 (electronic)

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118