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  1. Testing for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-restricted oligoclonal bands (OCB) by isoelectric focusing is used to detect intrathecally produced total IgG. By contrast, antibody indices (AI) are assessed to test for ...

    Authors: Sven Jarius, Peter Eichhorn, Brigitte Wildemann and Manfred Wick
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:14
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  3. The new Certas™ shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus has seven standard pressure settings that according to the manufacturer range from 36 to 238 mmH2O, and an additional “Virtual Off” setting with an opening...

    Authors: Anders Eklund, Lars-Owe D Koskinen, Michael A Williams, Mark G Luciano, Stephen M Dombrowski and Jan Malm
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. The function of pericytes remains questionable but with improved cultured technique and the use of genetically modified animals, it has become increasingly clear that pericytes are an integral part of blood–br...

    Authors: Elodie Vandenhaute, Maxime Culot, Fabien Gosselet, Lucie Dehouck, Catherine Godfraind, Michel Franck, Jean Plouët, Roméo Cecchelli, Marie-Pierre Dehouck and Marie-Magdeleine Ruchoux
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Fetal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains many neurotrophic and growth factors and has been shown to be capable of supporting viability, proliferation and differentiation of primary cortical progenitor cells. R...

    Authors: Mohammad Nabiuni, Javad Rasouli, Kazem Parivar, Homa M Kochesfehani, Saeid Irian and Jaleel A Miyan
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. The chemokine CCL2 has an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). A transgenic mouse model that overexpresses CCL2 in the CNS shows an accumulation of leu...

    Authors: Angela E Schellenberg, Richard Buist, Marc R Del Bigio, Henrik Toft-Hansen, Reza Khorooshi, Trevor Owens and James Peeling
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a potentially reversible cause of dementia and gait disturbance that is typically treated by operative placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The outcome ...

    Authors: Sunil Patel, Edward B Lee, Sharon X Xie, Anica Law, Eric M Jackson, Steven E Arnold, Christopher M Clark, Leslie M Shaw, M Sean Grady, John Q Trojanowski and Roy H Hamilton
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:7
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The aim of this study was to characterize the hCMEC/D3 cell line, an in vitro model of the human Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) for the expression of brain endothelial specific claudins-3 and -12.

    Authors: Anja Schrade, Hadassah Sade, Pierre-Olivier Couraud, Ignacio A Romero, Babette B Weksler and Jens Niewoehner
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:6
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  10. Oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid that are absent in serum indicate intrathecal IgG synthesis and are a sensitive marker of CNS inflammatory diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis. It may be of ...

    Authors: David Zeman, Pavel Hradílek, Zdeněk Švagera, Eva Mojžíšková, Ivana Woznicová and Olga Zapletalová
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:5
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  11. Changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) functionality have been implicated in Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to investigate BBB transport of L-DOPA transport in conjunction with its intra-brain conversion,...

    Authors: Paulien GM Ravenstijn, Henk-Jan Drenth, Michael J O'Neill, Meindert Danhof and Elizabeth CM de Lange
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Amyloid accumulation in the brain parenchyma is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is seen in normal aging. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are also associated with normal aging and A...

    Authors: Catherine Chiu, Miles C Miller, Ilias N Caralopoulos, Michael S Worden, Thomas Brinker, Zachary N Gordon, Conrad E Johanson and Gerald D Silverberg
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED), a direct method for drug delivery to the brain through intraparenchymal microcatheters, is a promising strategy for intracerebral pharmacological therapy. By establishing a ...

    Authors: Neil U Barua, Alison S Bienemann, Shirley Hesketh, Marcella J Wyatt, Emma Castrique, Seth Love and Steven S Gill
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap test (TT) has been regarded as an important test for the prediction of shunt effectiveness in patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Although...

    Authors: Masatsune Ishikawa, Masaaki Hashimoto, Etsuro Mori, Nobumasa Kuwana and Hiroaki Kazui
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2012 9:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. This review examines the use of transporter knockout (KO) animals to evaluate transporter function at the choroid plexus (the blood-CSF barrier; BCSFB). Compared to the blood-brain barrier, there have been few...

    Authors: Richard F Keep and David E Smith
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:26
    Content type: Review Published on:

  16. Elevated plasma fibrinogen levels are a well known finding in acute infectious diseases, acute stroke and myocardial infarction. However its role in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of acute and chronic central (...

    Authors: Rainer Ehling, Franziska Di Pauli, Peter Lackner, Bettina Kuenz, Wolfram Santner, Andreas Lutterotti, Claudia Gneiss, Harald Hegen, Michael Schocke, Florian Deisenhammer, Thomas Berger and Markus Reindl
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:25
    Content type: Short paper Published on:

  17. Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammation and increases cerebral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration. PGE2 is eliminated from brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice,...

    Authors: Shin-ichi Akanuma, Yasuo Uchida, Sumio Ohtsuki, Masanori Tachikawa, Tetsuya Terasaki and Ken-ichi Hosoya
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. AhR activates the transcription of several target genes including CYP1B1. Recently, we showed CYP1B1 as the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme expressed in human brain microvessels. Here, we studied the effect of...

    Authors: Aude Jacob, Anika MS Hartz, Sophie Potin, Xavier Coumoul, Salah Yousif, Jean-Michel Scherrmann, Björn Bauer and Xavier Declèves
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:23
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Hydrocephalus is associated with enlargement of cerebral ventricles. We hypothesized that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters known to be influenced by tissue water content would change in parallel with...

    Authors: Marc R Del Bigio, Ili Slobodian, Angela E Schellenberg, Richard J Buist and Tanya L Kemp-Buors
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Age is the major risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is an accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) in both the AD brain and the normal aging brain. Cle...

    Authors: Crissey L Pascale, Miles C Miller, Catherine Chiu, Matthew Boylan, Ilias N Caralopoulos, Liliana Gonzalez, Conrad E Johanson and Gerald D Silverberg
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Cerebrovascular dysfunction has been considered to cause impairment of cerebral amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) clearance across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Further, low levels of vitamin D are associated with incre...

    Authors: Shingo Ito, Sumio Ohtsuki, Yasuko Nezu, Yusuke Koitabashi, Sho Murata and Tetsuya Terasaki
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:20
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. The mechanisms behind formation and filling of intracranial arachnoid cysts (AC) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate AC fluid by proteomics to gain further knowledge about ACs. Two goa...

    Authors: Magnus Berle, Ann C Kroksveen, Øystein A Haaland, Thin T Aye, Jill A Opsahl, Eystein Oveland, Knut Wester, Rune J Ulvik, Christian A Helland and Frode S Berven
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:19
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Neuropeptides may have considerable potential in the treatment of acute and chronic neurological diseases. Encapsulated genetically engineered cells have been suggested as a means for sustained local delivery ...

    Authors: Silke Glage, Petra M Klinge, Miles C Miller, Christine Wallrapp, Peter Geigle, Hans J Hedrich and Thomas Brinker
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Guanidino compounds (GCs), such as creatine, phosphocreatine, guanidinoacetic acid, creatinine, methylguanidine, guanidinosuccinic acid, γ-guanidinobutyric acid, β-guanidinopropionic acid, guanidinoethane sulf...

    Authors: Masanori Tachikawa and Ken-ichi Hosoya
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:13
    Content type: Review Published on:

  29. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) enables quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and total cerebral blood (tCBF) flow and may be of value for the etiological diagnosis of neurodegene...

    Authors: Soraya El Sankari, Catherine Gondry-Jouet, Anthony Fichten, Olivier Godefroy, Jean Marie Serot, Hervé Deramond, Marc Etienne Meyer and Olivier Balédent
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. In patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) responding to shunt surgery, we have consistently found elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) wave amplitudes during diagnostic ICP monitoring pr...

    Authors: Per K Eide
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:11
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Although the gene expression profile of several tissues in humans and in rodent animal models has been explored, analysis of the complete choroid plexus (CP) transcriptome is still lacking. A better characteri...

    Authors: Fernanda Marques, João C Sousa, Giovanni Coppola, Fuying Gao, Renato Puga, Helena Brentani, Daniel H Geschwind, Nuno Sousa, Margarida Correia-Neves and Joana A Palha
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. The French scientist Charles Benjamin Rouget identified the pericyte nearly 140 years ago. Since that time the role of the pericyte in vascular function has been difficult to elucidate. It was not until the de...

    Authors: Drew Bonkowski, Vladimir Katyshev, Roumen D Balabanov, Andre Borisov and Paula Dore-Duffy
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:8
    Content type: Review Published on:

  34. The human brain has no lymphatic system, but produces over a half-liter each day of cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid is secreted at the choroid plexus and occupies the cavities of the four ventricl...

    Authors: William M Pardridge
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:7
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  35. The content and composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is determined in large part by the choroid plexus (CP) and specifically, a specialized epithelial cell (CPe) layer that responds to, synthesizes, and tr...

    Authors: Ana Maria Gonzalez, Sonia Podvin, Shuh-Yow Lin, Miles C Miller, Hannah Botfield, Wendy E Leadbeater, Andrew Roberton, Xitong Dang, Stuart E Knowling, Elena Cardenas-Galindo, John E Donahue, Edward G Stopa, Conrad E Johanson, Raul Coimbra, Brian P Eliceiri and Andrew Baird
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Neuronal activity within the central nervous system (CNS) strictly depends on homeostasis and therefore does not tolerate uncontrolled entry of blood components. It has been generally believed that under norma...

    Authors: Britta Engelhardt and Caroline Coisne
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:4
    Content type: Review Published on:

  39. Tracing the exact origins of modern science can be a difficult but rewarding pursuit. It is possible for the astute reader to follow the background of any subject through the many important surviving texts fro...

    Authors: Shane A Liddelow
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  41. Authors: Montserrat Guerra, Deborah Sival, Antonio Jimenez, María Dolores Dominguez Pinos, Wilfred den Dunnen, Luis Federico Bátiz, José Manuel Pérez-Figares and Esteban Rodríguez
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2010 7(Suppl 1):S56
    Content type: Poster presentation Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

  44. Authors: Agustin Castañeyra-Perdomo, Ibrahim Gonzalez-Marrero, Rafael Castro, Agustin Castañeyra-Ruiz, Hector de Paz-Camona, Leandro Castañeyra-Ruiz, Juan M Gonzalez-Toledo and Emilia M Carmona-Calero
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2010 7(Suppl 1):S29
    Content type: Oral presentation Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 7 Supplement 1

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  • ISSN: 2045-8118 (electronic)

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118