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  1. A critical point during the course of central nervous system infection is the influx of leukocytes from the blood into the brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (...

    Authors: Tobias Tenenbaum, Ulrike Steinmann, Corinna Friedrich, Jürgen Berger, Christian Schwerk and Horst Schroten
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:1
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. The etiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) remains unclear. Little is known about the pre-symptomatic stage. This study aimed to investigate the association of neuropsychological data with...

    Authors: Doortje C. Engel, Lukas Pirpamer, Edith Hofer, Reinhold Schmidt and Cornelia Brendle
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:37
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Although the gene expression profile of several tissues in humans and in rodent animal models has been explored, analysis of the complete choroid plexus (CP) transcriptome is still lacking. A better characteri...

    Authors: Fernanda Marques, João C Sousa, Giovanni Coppola, Fuying Gao, Renato Puga, Helena Brentani, Daniel H Geschwind, Nuno Sousa, Margarida Correia-Neves and Joana A Palha
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Ependymal cells form a protective monolayer between the brain parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). They possess motile cilia important for directing the flow of CSF through the ventricular system. While c...

    Authors: Jonathan R Genzen, Dan Yang, Katya Ravid and Angelique Bordey
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2009 6:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Several central nervous system diseases are associated with disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns and have typically been characterized in vivo by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T...

    Authors: Per Kristian Eide, Lars Magnus Valnes, Erika Kristina Lindstrøm, Kent-Andre Mardal and Geir Ringstad
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. In myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), several areas of demyelination are detectable in mouse cerebral cortex, where neuroinflammation events are ...

    Authors: Mariella Errede, Tiziana Annese, Valentina Petrosino, Giovanna Longo, Francesco Girolamo, Ignazio de Trizio, Antonio d’Amati, Antonio Uccelli, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo and Daniela Virgintino
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:68
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. As a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection various neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms can appear, which may persist for several months post infection. However, cell type-specific routes of brain infect...

    Authors: Chiara Stüdle, Hideaki Nishihara, Sven Wischnewski, Laila Kulsvehagen, Sylvain Perriot, Hiroshi Ishikawa, Horst Schroten, Stephan Frank, Nikolaus Deigendesch, Renaud Du Pasquier, Lucas Schirmer, Anne-Katrin Pröbstel and Britta Engelhardt
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:76
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) is critically important to the pathophysiology of the central nervous system (CNS). However, this barrier prevents the safe transmission of beneficial drugs ...

    Authors: Yi Kung, Kuan-Yu Chen, Wei-Hao Liao, Yi-Hua Hsu, Chueh-Hung Wu, Ming-Yen Hsiao, Abel P.-H. Huang and Wen-Shiang Chen
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:3
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENTs) 1-3 and human concentrative nucleoside transporters (hCNTs) 1-3 in the human choroid plexus (hCP) play a role in the homeostasis of adenosine and other natur...

    Authors: Zoran B Redzic, Slava A Malatiali, Danica Grujicic and Aleksandra J Isakovic
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2010 7:2
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Age-related changes in the cerebrovasculature, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption and vascular dementia, are emerging as potential risks for many neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the endothel...

    Authors: Hyejeong Kim, Minyoung Noh, Haiying Zhang, Yeomyeong Kim, Songyi Park, Jeongeun Park and Young-Guen Kwon
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Glymphatic transport is vital for the physiological homeostasis of the retina and optic nerve. Pathological alterations of ocular glymphatic fluid transport and enlarged perivascular spaces have been described...

    Authors: Christine Delle, Xiaowei Wang, Michael Giannetto, Evan Newbold, Weiguo Peng, Ryszard Stefan Gomolka, Antonio Ladrón-de-Guevara, Neža Cankar, Elise Schiøler Nielsen, Celia Kjaerby, Pia Weikop, Yuki Mori and Maiken Nedergaard
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:26
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. In sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD), brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition is believed to be a consequence of impaired Aβ clearance, but this relationship is not well established in living humans. CSF clearance,...

    Authors: Yi Li, Henry Rusinek, Tracy Butler, Lidia Glodzik, Elizabeth Pirraglia, John Babich, P. David Mozley, Sadek Nehmeh, Silky Pahlajani, Xiuyuan Wang, Emily B. Tanzi, Liangdong Zhou, Sara Strauss, Roxana O. Carare, Neil Theise, Nobuyuki Okamura…
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Vascular dementia (VaD) and atypical parkinsonism often present with symptoms that can resemble idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and enlarged cerebral ventricles, and can be challenging differen...

    Authors: David Fällmar, Oliver Andersson, Lena Kilander, Malin Löwenmark, Dag Nyholm and Johan Virhammar
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. In patients with central nervous system (CNS) infections identification of the causative pathogen is important for treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing techniques are increasingly being applied to...

    Authors: Cormac M. Kinsella, Arthur W. D. Edridge, Ingeborg E. van Zeggeren, Martin Deijs, Diederik van de Beek, Matthijs C. Brouwer and Lia van der Hoek
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:102
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Intracranial pressure (ICP) has been thought to vary diurnally. This study evaluates diurnal ICP measurements and quantifies changes in ICP occurring with changes in body posture in active idiopathic intracran...

    Authors: James L Mitchell, Rebecca Buckham, Hannah Lyons, Jessica K Walker, Andreas Yiangou, Matilde Sassani, Mark Thaller, Olivia Grech, Zerin Alimajstorovic, Marianne Julher, Georgios Tsermoulas, Kristian Brock, Susan P Mollan and Alexandra J Sinclair
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:85
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, the pulsations of cerebral arteries and brain is considered the main driving force for the reciprocating bidirectional CSF movements. However, measuring these complex...

    Authors: Shigeki Yamada, Shinnosuke Hiratsuka, Tomohiro Otani, Satoshi Ii, Shigeo Wada, Marie Oshima, Kazuhiko Nozaki and Yoshiyuki Watanabe
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. A principal protective component of the mammalian blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the high expression of the multidrug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and ABCG2 (encoded by ABCG2) on the ...

    Authors: Joanna R. Thomas, William J. E. Frye, Robert W. Robey, Andrew C. Warner, Donna Butcher, Jennifer L. Matta, Tamara C. Morgan, Elijah F. Edmondson, Paula B. Salazar, Suresh V. Ambudkar and Michael M. Gottesman
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Cystatin C is a constitutively expressed and abundant cysteine protease inhibitor within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent studies have reported a significant reduction in cystatin C concentration in the C...

    Authors: Meghan E Wilson, Imene Boumaza and Robert Bowser
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Syringomyelia is a common spinal cord lesion. However, whether CSF blockage is linked to the formation and enlargement of syringomyelia is still controversial. The current model of syringomyelia needs modifica...

    Authors: Longbing Ma, Qingyu Yao, Can Zhang, Mo Li, Lei Cheng and Fengzeng Jian
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role as a biological barrier by regulating molecular transport between circulating blood and the brain parenchyma. In drug development, the accurate evaluation ...

    Authors: Misaki Yamashita, Hiromasa Aoki, Tadahiro Hashita, Takahiro Iwao and Tamihide Matsunaga
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:36
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Recent studies have suggested alternative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance pathways for brain parenchymal metabolic waste products. One fundamental but relatively under-explored component of these pathways ...

    Authors: Kilian Hett, Colin D. McKnight, Jarrod J. Eisma, Jason Elenberger, Jennifer S. Lindsey, Ciaran M. Considine, Daniel O. Claassen and Manus J. Donahue
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) enables quantification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and total cerebral blood (tCBF) flow and may be of value for the etiological diagnosis of neurodegene...

    Authors: Soraya El Sankari, Catherine Gondry-Jouet, Anthony Fichten, Olivier Godefroy, Jean Marie Serot, Hervé Deramond, Marc Etienne Meyer and Olivier Balédent
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2011 8:12
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. The influence of coughing, on the biomechanical environment in the spinal subarachnoid space (SAS) in the presence of a cerebrospinal fluid flow stenosis, is thought to be an important etiological factor in cr...

    Authors: Bryn A Martin and Francis Loth
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2009 6:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. The blood brain barrier limits entry of macromolecular diagnostic and therapeutic cargos. Blood brain barrier transcytosis via receptor mediated transport systems, such as the transferrin receptor, can be used...

    Authors: Thomas J. Esparza, Shiran Su, Caroline M. Francescutti, Elvira Rodionova, Joong Hee Kim and David L. Brody
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. The permeability of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is mainly determined by junction complexes between adjacent endothelial cells (ECs), including tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which...

    Authors: Xinwang Ying, Qingfeng Xie, Shengcun Li, Xiaolan Yu, Kecheng Zhou, Jingjing Yue, Xiaolong Chen, Wenzhan Tu, Guanhu Yang and Songhe Jiang
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. We recently reported a lymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption deficit in a kaolin model of communicating hydrocephalus in rats with ventricular expansion correlating negatively with the magnitude of th...

    Authors: Gurjit Nagra, Mark E Wagshul, Shams Rashid, Jie Li, J Pat McAllister II and Miles Johnston
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2010 7:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Maintaining a tight blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an important prerequisite for the preservation of neurological health, though current evidence suggests it declines with age. While extracellular matrix-integri...

    Authors: Sebok K. Halder, Violaine D. Delorme-Walker and Richard Milner
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:52
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Astrocytes (AC) are essential for brain homeostasis. Much data suggests that AC support and protect the vascular endothelium, but increasing evidence indicates that during injury conditions they may lose their...

    Authors: Julia Baumann, Chih-Chieh Tsao, Sheng-Fu Huang, Max Gassmann and Omolara O. Ogunshola
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2021 18:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. The monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) plays a vital role in maintaining brain thyroid hormone homeostasis. This transmembrane transporter is expressed at the brain barriers, as the blood–brain barrier (BBB)...

    Authors: Marina Guillén-Yunta, Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández, Ángel García-Aldea, Guadalupe Soria, José Manuel García-Verdugo, Ana Montero-Pedrazuela and Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Since arterial flow is the leading actor in neuro-fluids flow dynamics, it might be interesting to assess whether it is meaningful to study the arterial flow waveform in more detail and whether this provides n...

    Authors: Kimi Piedad Owashi, Cyrille Capel and Olivier Balédent
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:65
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Cerebral aneurysms are more likely to form at bifurcations in the vasculature, where disturbed fluid is prevalent due to flow separation at sufficiently high Reynolds numbers. While previous studies have demon...

    Authors: Nesrine Bouhrira, Brandon J. DeOre, Kiet A. Tran and Peter A. Galie
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:94
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. After ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) with adjustable gravitational valves, a certain proportion of patients develop secondary clinical worsening after in...

    Authors: Pawel Gutowski, Sergej Rot, Michael Fritsch, Ullrich Meier, Leonie Gölz and Johannes Lemcke
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. The Hindbrain Choroid Plexus is a complex, cerebrospinal fluid-secreting tissue that projects into the 4th vertebrate brain ventricle. Despite its irreplaceability in the development and homeostasis of the ent...

    Authors: Viktória Parobková, Petra Kompaníková, Jakub Lázňovský, Michaela Kavková, Marek Hampl, Marcela Buchtová, Tomáš Zikmund, Jozef Kaiser and Vítězslav Bryja
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. The efficacy of intermittent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage compared with that of continuous CSF drainage in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains undetermined to date. Therefore, we investig...

    Authors: Tomoyasu Yamanaka, Yusuke Nishikawa, Takashi Iwata, Teishiki Shibata, Mitsuru Uchida, Yuki Hayashi, Hiroyuki Katano, Motoki Tanikawa, Shigeki Yamada and Mitsuhito Mase
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. There is little knowledge concerning the content and the mechanisms of filling of arachnoid cysts. The aim of this study was to compare the protein content of arachnoid cysts and cerebrospinal fluid by quantit...

    Authors: Magnus Berle, AnnCathrine Kroksveen, Hilde Garberg, Mads Aarhus, ØysteinAriansen Haaland, Knut Wester, RuneJohan Ulvik, Christian Helland and Frode Berven
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Proteomics has opened a new horizon in biological sciences. Global proteomic analysis is a promising technology for the discovery of thousands of proteins, post-translational modifications, polymorphisms, and ...

    Authors: Yasuo Uchida, Masanori Tachikawa, Wataru Obuchi, Yutaro Hoshi, Yusuke Tomioka, Sumio Ohtsuki and Tetsuya Terasaki
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:21
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  42. In multicellular organisms epithelial and endothelial cells form selective permeable interfaces between tissue compartments of different chemical compositions. Tight junctions which connect adjacent cells, con...

    Authors: Kathrin Benson, Sandra Cramer and Hans-Joachim Galla
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2013 10:5
    Content type: Review Published on:

  43. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) develop blood–brain barrier dysfunction to varying degrees. How aging impacts Aβ pathology, blood–brain barrier function, and cognitive decline in AD remains largely unkn...

    Authors: Geetika Nehra, Sasivimon Promsan, Ruedeemars Yubolphan, Wijitra Chumboatong, Pornpun Vivithanaporn, Bryan J. Maloney, Anusorn Lungkaphin, Bjoern Bauer and Anika M. S. Hartz
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. The choroid plexus is a major contributor to the generation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the maintenance of its electrolyte and metabolite balance. Here, we sought to characterize the blood flow dynamics o...

    Authors: Li Zhao, Manuel Taso, Weiying Dai, Daniel Z. Press and David C. Alsop
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:58
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) are predisposed to developing dementing disorders. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt implantation is a treatment used to improve the motor and cognit...

    Authors: Pao-Hui Tseng, Wan-Ting Huang, Jen-Hung Wang, Bor-Ren Huang, Hsin-Yi Huang and Sheng-Tzung Tsai
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2024 21:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  46. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed for a variety of inflammatory diseases, but they are also used to treat raised intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by trauma or oedema. However, it is unclear if GCs ...

    Authors: Connar Stanley James Westgate, Ida Marchen Egerod Israelsen, Christina Kamp-Jensen, Rigmor Højland Jensen and Sajedeh Eftekhari
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2023 20:35
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Putatively active drugs are often intraventricularly administered to gain direct access to brain and circumvent the blood-brain barrier. A few studies on the normal central nervous system (CNS) have shown, how...

    Authors: Tavarekere N Nagaraja, Padma Patel, Martin Gorski, Peter D Gorevic, Clifford S Patlak and Joseph D Fenstermacher
    Citation: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research 2005 2:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Folates are a family of B9 vitamins that serve as one-carbon donors critical to biosynthetic processes required for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS) in mammals. Folate transport...

    Authors: Vishal Sangha, Md. Tozammel Hoque, Jeffrey T. Henderson and Reina Bendayan
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2022 19:92
    Content type: Brief Report Published on:

  50. Measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial in the management of many neurological conditions. However, due to the invasiveness, high cost, and required expertise of available ICP monitoring techniqu...

    Authors: Nicolas Canac, Kian Jalaleddini, Samuel G. Thorpe, Corey M. Thibeault and Robert B. Hamilton
    Citation: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 2020 17:40
    Content type: Review Published on:
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  • ISSN: 2045-8118 (electronic)

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118