Fig. 2

Distribution of large CSF tracers within the intracranial meninges. A Schematic showing location of meningeal, cerebral ventricular, and choroid plexus structures highlighted in B–I. B Representative histology of the meninges at the dorsal surface of the brain (including the dura, arachnoid, and pia maters) and the overlying decalcified skull 4 h after 15-nm gold nanoparticle (AuNP) injection into the right lateral ventricle of P7 rats. scalebar = 50 µm. C Representative histology showing 15-nm AuNP distribution within the falx cerebri and leptomeningeal (pia and arachnoid) invaginations into the longitudinal fissure. The falx cerebri is labeled with a black arrow. scalebar = 25 µm. D Quantification of the mean intensity of 15-nm AuNP distribution within the dura mater over the surface of the brain compared to the falx cerebri. Data are mean ± SD, n = 3 per group; Unpaired, two-tailed t-test. E Representative histology showing 15-nm AuNP circulation through the dorsal third ventricle (d3V), quadrigeminal cistern (Q), ambient cistern (A), interpeduncular cistern (I), and lateral ventricle (LV) 4 h after intraventricular injection in P7 rodents. E scalebar = 500 µm, E inset scalebars = 75 µm. F, G 15-nm AuNP distribution in the rhinal fissure (F) and velum interpositum (G). VI: velum interpositum; d3V: dorsal third ventricle. F scalebar = 100 µm, G scalebar = 250 µm. H–J 15-nm AuNP distribution in the choroidal fissure (H), ambient cistern (I), and cerebellar folia (J) 4 h post-15-nm AuNP injection into the right lateral ventricle of rats with intraventricular hemorrhage-posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (IVH-PHH, induced 72 h before AuNP injection with intraventricular hemoglobin (HB)) and aCSF control rats. H, I scalebars = 50 μm, J scalebars = 250 μm. Quantifications are also shown as mean ± SD with unpaired two-tailed t tests, n = 3 animals per group. All data are representative of 3 rodents