Fig. 5

Effect of folate deficiency and PQQ treatment on gene expression of NRF-1 target genes in primary cultures of mouse mixed glial cells. A Tfam gene expression was significantly increased in FD cells following 24-h PQQ treatment (5 µM). B TFB1M gene expression was significantly increased in control and FD cells following 24-h PQQ treatment (5 µM), and in control cells following 48-h PQQ treatment (5 µM). C TFB2M gene expression was significantly increased in FD cells following 48-h PQQ treatment (5 µM). Results are presented as mean relative mRNA expression compared to the DMSO vehicle control ± SEM normalized to the housekeeping gene cyclophilin B from N = 5 independent mixed glial preparations. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. Asterisks represent significant differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01)