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Table 2 Comparison of intracranial and extracranial arterial flow-related parameters in young and elderly healthy adults

From: Cerebral arterial flow dynamics during systole and diastole phases in young and older healthy adults

Parameters

HYV

HEV

p-value

HYV male

HYV female

p-value

HEV male

HEV female

p-value

n

28

20

 

14

14

 

6

14

 

Age (yr)

25 ± 4

72 ± 6

 

26 ± 4

25 ± 3

 

72 ± 7

72 ± 6

 

Heart rate (bpm)

72 ± 12

71 ± 11

0.78

69 ± 13

75 ± 11

0.38

70 ± 11

73 ± 11

0.63

β

1.08 ± 0.11

1 ± 0.16

0.08

1.06 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.09

0.57

1.01 ± 0.22

1 ± 0.1

0.88

Damping factor

1.11 ± 0.25

1.15 ± 0.3

0.73

1.19 ± 0.28

1.03 ± 0.18

0.22

1.21 ± 0.38

1.1 ± 0.3

0.59

E. mean flow (ml/min)

715 ± 136

607 ± 125

0.008**

669 ± 125

761 ± 136

0.07

621 ± 156

601 ± 116

0.74

I. mean flow (ml/min)

669 ± 133

610 ± 125

0.1

635 ± 124

704 ± 137

0.17

619 ± 124

606 ± 113

0.83

 

p = .002**

p = .89

 

p = .13

p = .003**

 

p = .96

p = .81

 

E. AP1 (ml/min)

1125 ± 201

1076 ± 194

0.4

1100 ± 179

1149 ± 225

0.53

1169 ± 240

1036 ± 165

0.17

I. AP1 (ml/min)

982 ± 184

1021 ± 174

0.5

948 ± 150

1016 ± 213

0.33

1080 ± 202

995 ± 162

0.34

 

p = < 0.001***

p = .15

 

p = < 0.001***

p = < 0.001***

 

p = .38

p = .30

 

E. AP2 (ml/min)

889 ± 176

991 ± 205

0.07

832 ± 191

946 ± 145

0.09

1019 ± 251

979 ± 165

0.70

I. AP2 (ml/min)

798 ± 202

1010 ± 271

0.003**

772 ± 216

823 ± 192

0.51

1026 ± 338

1004 ± 252

0.87

 

p = .01*

p = .79

 

p = .26

p = .01*

 

p = .97

p = .72

 

E. AP1-M0 (ml/min)

649 ± 144

760 ± 178

0.02*

655 ± 118

643 ± 171

0.82

863 ± 230

716 ± 138

0.09

I. AP1-M0 (ml/min)

521 ± 117

686 ± 137

< 0.001***

502 ± 81

539 ± 146

0.35

744 ± 174

661 ± 115

0.22

 

p = < 0.001***

p = .007**

 

p = < 0.001***

p = .003**

 

p = .14

p = .02*

 

E. AP2-M0 (ml/min)

413 ± 92

674 ± 163

< 0.001***

387 ± 112

439 ± 60

0.14

713 ± 183

657 ± 157

0.49

I. AP2-M0 (ml/min)

361 ± 104

666 ± 195

< 0.001***

342 ± 108

380 ± 100

0.35

682 ± 262

659 ± 170

0.82

 

p = .004**

p = .87

 

p = .08

p = .03*

 

p = .84

p = .95

 

E. PI

0.92 ± 0.20

1.28 ± 0.33

< 0.001***

1 ± 0.21

0.84 ± 0.18

0.11

1.44 ± 0.41

1.22 ± 0.28

0.23

I. PI

0.79 ± 0.15

1.14 ± 0.18

< 0.001***

0.81 ± 0.17

0.76 ± 0.14

0.63

1.22 ± 0.23

1.1 ± 0.16

0.19

 

p = < 0.001***

p = .003**

 

p = < 0.001***

p = .05

 

p = .04*

p = .02*

 

E. upstroke time (ms)

134 ± 30

120 ± 45

0.03*

137 ± 24

131 ± 36

0.62

113 ± 40

123 ± 47

0.39

I. upstroke time (ms)

144 ± 39

118 ± 44

0.003**

147 ± 35

141 ± 43

0.66

124 ± 70

115 ± 30

0.65

 

p = .24

p = .78

 

p = .37

p = .42

 

p = .44

p = .59

 

E. acceleration (ml/s2)

85 ± 29

121 ± 52

0.013*

82 ± 20

88 ± 36

0.60

142 ± 63

112 ± 47

0.24

I. acceleration (ml/s2)

66 ± 27

108 ± 38

< 0.001***

60 ± 15

72 ± 35

0.26

120 ± 48

102 ± 34

0.37

 

p = .002**

p = .14

 

p = < 0.001***

p = .11

 

p = .23

p = .38

 
  1. Values are means ± SD. All data were tested for the normality of their distribution and then compared with a Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon’s test. (*: p < .05; **: p < .01; ***: p < .001). The p-values in bold correspond to the comparison of each group’s parameters at the extracranial and intracranial levels. E.: extracranial; I.: intracranial; PI: pulsatility index