Fig. 4

Solute clearance and water diffusivity in the brain. A Signal decay rate of TSCs under MED and ISO+MED for all brain regions, calculated by mono-exponentially fitting of individual region-specific TSCs over the time period between 90 min after TSC maximum and end of data acquisition (Mann–Whitney-U test). B Signal decay rate of TSC in neocortex under MED and ISO+MED (MED n = 7; ISO+MED n = 8) (Mann–Whitney-U test). C ADC maps of an exemplary axial slice of the rat brain under ISO and after switching to MED. D Boxplot displays % ADC change from baseline. ANOVA test indicated effect of experimental condition on diffusivity (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. E 3D maximum intensity projection of an exemplary TOF-MRI depicting the basal arteries under ISO. F Boxplot showing the % change of TOF signal (Kruskal–Wallis-Test showed significant difference p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney-U test. Animal numbers for boxplots shown in D and F were ISO n = 6; MED n = 6; ISO+MED n = 6; ISO+AZE n = 6; MED+AZE n = 6; ISO+MED+AZE n = 7. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001