Table 1 Cohort demographics

Sex (male)

15/28 (53.6%)

16/27 (59.3%)

5/7 (71.4%)

4/6 (66.7%)

Age at shunting

72.5 [69.0, 78.0]

73.0 [70.0, 78.0]

81.0 [77.5, 85.0]

78.0 [75.5, 80.5]

Preoperative iNPH probability, Guidelines for Management of Idiopathic Normal

Pressure Hydrocephalus, 3rd edition

Modified criteria^a:

26 probable

2 possible

Modified criteria^a:

25 probable

2 possible

Modified criteria^a:

5 probable

2 possible

Modified criteria^a:

6 probable

0 possible

Preoperative iNPH probability,

Diagnostic classification of iNPH,

International guidelines

Modified criteria^a:

20 probable

8 possible

Modified criteria^a:

24 probable

3 possible

Modified criteria^a:

0 probable

7 possible

Modified criteria^a:

0 probable

6 possible

Charlson-Age Comorbidity Index

5.00 [4.00, 6.00]

5.00 [4.00, 6.00]

6.00 [6.00,6.50]

5.00 [5.00,6.50]

Major secondary conditions^b

AD

0

0

5

2

PD

0

0

2

0

AD + VCI

0

0

0

3

FTD

0

0

0

1

Biopsy status

Ab –, Tau –

20 (71.4%)

14 (51.9%)

1 (14.3%)

2 (33.3%)

Ab + , Tau –

7 (25.0%)

12 (44.4%)

4 (57.1%)

2 (33.3%)

Ab + , Tau + 

1 (3.6%)

1 (3.7%)

3 (28.6%)

2 (33.3%)

CSF p-tau

34.3 [27.5, 40.7]

33.1 [27.0, 40.6]

36.0 [35.1, 37.0]

54.4 [26.2, 64.0]

CSF t-tau

153 [129, 218]

170 [111, 217]

203 [188, 267]

360 [228, 413]

CSF Aβ_1-42

736 [628, 814]

671 [505, 815]

396 [372, 602]

465 [406, 625]

CSF p-tau/ Aβ_1-42

0.047 [0.039, 0.062]

0.050 [0.037, 0.070]

0.093 [0.078, 0.097]

0.073 [0.050, 0.150]

INPHGS

 Baseline

6.50* [4.00, 8.25]

4.00 [3.00, 6.00]

7.00 [7.00,9.00]

6.50 [5.25,7.75]

 3 months postop

4.00 [2.00, 6.00] (n = 27)

5.00 [3.00, 7.00] (n = 22)

6.00 [5.00, 7.00]

6.00 [6.00, 7.50]

 12 months postop

3.00** [1.00, 5.25]

7.00 [4.00, 9.00]

6.00* [5.50, 6.00]

9.00 [8.25, 9.75]

point improvement from baseline to 3 months

2.00*** [1.00, 3.00] (n = 27)

0 [− 1.00, 1.00] (n = 22)

1.00 [0,3.00]

− 0.500 [− 1.00, 2.25]

point improvement from baseline to 12 months

2.00*** [1.00, 3.00]

− 1.00 [− 2.00, − 0.500]

2.00** [1.00, 3.00]

− 2.00 [− 2.00, − 1.25]

Gait speed (m/s)

Baseline

0.548 [0.356, 0.865] (n = 27)

0.714 [0.476, 0.896]

0.696 [0.405, 0.861]

0.641 [0.436, 0.863]

Post-tap

0.784 [0.524, 0.983] (n = 27)

0.880 [0.578, 1.00] (n = 26)

0.746 [0.489, 0.899] (n = 6)

0.818 [0.656, 1.08]

3 months postop

0.902 [0.615, 1.25] (n = 26)

0.820 [0.510, 1.12]

0.870 [0.458, 1.07]

0.788 [0.621, 1.13]

12 months postop

0.909 [0.738, 1.29] (n = 24)

0.909 [0.659, 1.27] (n = 19)

0.884 [0.666, 1.02] (n = 6)

0.870 [0.781, 0.889] (n = 5)

speed improvement from baseline to 3 months

0.224* [0.139, 0.378] (n = 26)

0.137 [0.0114, 0.279]

0.225 [0.00291, 0.272]

0.234 [0.136, 0.314]

speed improvement from baseline to 12 months

0.296* [0.232, 0.461] (n = 24)

0.171 [− 0.0777, 0.370] (n = 19)

0.154 [− 0.0292, 0.355] (n = 6)

0.0697 [− 0.104, 0.274] (n = 5)

CERAD

Baseline

64.0 [56.0, 71.0] (n = 25)

61.0 [53.0, 66.3] (n = 26)

59.5 [58.0, 61.0] (n = 6)

52.0 [45.0, 55.0] (n = 5)

3 months postop

67.0 [58.0, 73.0] (n = 23)

64.0 [62.0, 72.0] (n = 25)

55.5 [51.8, 63.0] (n = 6)

47.0 [43.0, 50.3]

12 months postop

69.0 [58.5, 76.5] (n = 26)

67.0 [55.0, 74.0] (n = 22)

59.5 [57.0, 68.8] (n = 6)

48.0 [44.0, 49.0] (n = 5)

MMSE

 Baseline

24.0 [21.0, 27.0] (n = 27)

25.0 [20.0, 26.0]

23.0 [18.0, 24.5]

19.5 [19.0, 22.3]

 3 months postop

25.0 [23.0, 28.0] (n = 25)

25.0 [22.3, 26.8] (n = 26)

23.0 [20.0, 24.5]

20.0 [18.5, 22.3]

 12 months postop

27.5* [24.0, 28.0] (n = 26)

24.5 [21.8, 26.3] (n = 24)

22.0 [18.5, 24.5]

16.0 [16.0, 22.0] (n = 5)