Fig. 4

Fractone density and size are altered by LV-proximal GBM. A Representative coronal immunohistochemistry images in vehicle, LV-distal GBM, and LV-proximal GBM showing the density of fractone ECM structures in the SVZ increasing in LV-proximal GBM (n = 5). The lateral ventricle is indicated with a white asterisk. The choroid plexus is indicated as “CP”. Scale bar = 10 µm. B Quantification of the number of LMγ1 + /NS-HSPG + fractone structures. C Representative TEM images of fractones pseudocolored in yellow in vehicle (left), LV-distal GBM (middle), and LV-proximal (right) groups displaying decreased fractone size in LV-proximal GBM (n = 3). Scale bar = 2 μm. D Quantification of fractone area (µm²) measured using TEM. The data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical test used was ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc correction. *p < 0.05. Non-significant interactions are not indicated