Compressed-sensing accelerated 4D flow MRI of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics

Table 3 Statistical interference for the pair differences of CSE vs. SENSE and SENSE2 vs. SENSE

Flow parameter	Acceleration-method	Mean pair difference	Lower CI	Upper CI	p value	Sign
Average net flow (ml/s)	SENSE2	0.08	− 0.71	0.87	0.84
	CSE4	0.31	− 0.05	0.67	0.10
	CSE6	0.82	0.37	1.27	0.002	**
	CSE8	1.13	0.82	1.44	5.59∙10^–7	***
	CSE10	0.82	0.15	1.49	0.02	*
Peak velocity (cm/s)	SENSE	− 0.32	− 1.24	0.60	0.49
	CSE4	0.31	− 0.22	0.85	0.26
	CSE6	0.41	− 1.18	1.00	0.18
	CSE8	0.40	− 0.21	1.00	0.20
	CSE10	− 0.23	− 0.72	0.26	0.36
Forward flow (ml/s)	SENSE2	− 0.003	− 0.84	0.84	0.99
	CSE4	0.78	0.29	1.28	0.01	**
	CSE6	0.96	0.42	1.50	0.002	**
	CSE8	0.90	0.33	1.46	0.005	**
	CSE10	0.31	− 0.47	1.09	0.44
Backward flow (ml/s)	SENSE2	− 0.21	− 1.22	0.79	0.67
	CSE4	0.33	− 0.11	0.77	0.15
	CSE6	0.65	0.02	1.28	0.05
	CSE8	0.87	0.32	1.42	0.01	**
	CSE10	0.57	− 0.19	1.33	0.15

Lower CI lower confidence interval, Upper CI upper confidence interval, p value p value for the test whether mean pair difference is equal to 0 (null hypothesis) or differs from 0 (alternative)
Interference for mean pair difference for SENSE–SENSE2 and SENSE–CSE, based on mixed model fits
Stars indicate that the mean pair difference is significantly different from 0 (* 0.05 > p > 0.01; ** 0.01 > p > 0.001; *** 0.001 > p)

ISSN: 2045-8118