CVD | In vitro model condition | BBB pathology | Utilized in vitro BBB model | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Stroke | ||||
Ischemic | OGD (1–5 h) OGD + Reperfusion (reoxygenation + normal glucose level) (1–5 h + 1–96 h) Chemical ischemia (rotenone, antimycin and sodium azide) Enzymatic (GOX, GOX/CAT and 2-deoxyglucose) | Hyperpermeability Cytotoxicity Inflammation BBB recovery Angiogenesis | BEC monolayer 2-D model DIV-BBB 3-D model | [126] [135] |
Hemorrhagic | hemin/hemoglobin +/OGD thrombin ± OGD | Hyperpermeability Cytotoxicity Inflammation | BEC monolayer 2-D model | [187, 189, 207,208,209,210,211] [186] |
Vascular dementia | ||||
CADASIL | Replicative senescence H2O2 (50 μM) modification of telomerase DNA damage NOTCH3 mutation | Senescence Hyperpermeability Inflammation | BEC monolayer hiPSC | [206] |
Vascular malformation | ||||
CCM 1-3 | Gene silencing | Hyperpermeability signaling | BEC monolayer |