Fig. 3

Barrier function of dhBMEC monolayers derived from healthy individuals and individuals with NDD. a Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) showing significant decreases in 4/8 disease lines compared to healthy controls. b Permeability of Lucifer yellow showing that normal barrier function is maintained in all disease lines except the AD10 line. c d-Glucose permeability showing decreased transport in the NDD lines. d Efflux ratio for rhodamine 123, determined from the ratio of the basolateral-to-apical and apical-to-basolateral permeabilities. e Efflux ratio for rhodamine 123 with and without Tariquidar inhibition for six selected dhBMEC cell lines. The grey bands correspond to the lowest and highest values of the SE for the healthy controls. Error bars represent mean ± SE. Statistical analysis was performed using nested ANOVA comparing to the three healthy controls. *p < 0.05. All experiments were performed in triplicate for each of three different differentiations