Table 2 Model parameters and variables

All simulations

 Arteriole diameter

30 μm

Iliff [34], Xiong [44], Mestre [16] (40 μm); other modeling studies: Jin [38], Holter [35]

 Venule diameter

30 μm

Iliff [34], Xiong [44]; other modeling studies: Jin [38] (40 μm), Holter [35]

Flow simulations

 Vessel separation (distance between arterioles and venules)

250 μm

Nishimura [22] (175 μm rats), Adams [21] (280 μm primates), other modeling studies: Jin [38] (250 μm), Holter [35] (280 μm)

RTI and clearance simulations

 RTI current

From appropriate experiment

Cserr [30], Kress [25], Xie [24]

 Free diffusivity

As reported for each molecule in “Methods” or “Results”

Nicholson [14]

 Void volume

Mean value from appropriate experimental data

Cserr [30], Kress [25], Xie [24]

 Tortuosity

Fitted. Increased from experimental mean value to fit RTI data. See “Discussion” of adjusted tortuosity

Cserr [30], Kress [25], Xie [24]

Flow simulations

 Hydraulic conductivity

2 × 10⁻⁶ to 2 × 10⁻⁸ cm² mmHg⁻¹ s⁻¹

See Table 3

 Pressure at arteriolar PVW

0.2 to 8 mmHg

See Table 3

RTI and clearance simulations

 Bulk flow velocity

0 to 250 μm min⁻¹

By adjusting hydraulic conductivity and pressure within above ranges

 PVW diffusivity

0.6 to 100% of D_ECS

Mathiisen [10], Korogod [13], (see “Methods”)

 Vessel separation (distance between arterioles and venules)

225–275 μm

Nishimura [22] (175 μm rats), Adams [21] (280 μm primates), other modeling studies: Jin [38] (250 μm), Holter [35] (280 μm)