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Table 2 Blood–brain barrier and blood–retinal barrier disruption to 14C-sucrose

From: Disruption of the hippocampal and hypothalamic blood–brain barrier in a diet-induced obese model of type II diabetes: prevention and treatment by the mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, topiramate

Region

Prevention

Efficacy

LF

LF TPM

HF

HF TPM

LF

LF TPM

HF

HF TPM

Whole brain

9.704 ± 2.586

12.86 ± 2.869

10.67 ± 3.386

11.59 ± 1.884

7.936 ± 3.422

7.568 ± 1.839

9.584 ± 3.593

7.978 ± 2.508

Retina

161.2 ± 38.52

153.4 ± 52.74

161.3 ± 30.87

197.2 ± 42.03

138.1 ± 27.51

166.2 ± 20.10

184.1 ± 25.68a

184.1 ± 31.34a

Vitreous humor

55.53 ± 18.10

51.12 ± 15.29

48.40 ± 13.74

65.70 ± 16.15

40.69 ± 1.939

59.70 ± 17.77

55.29 ± 14.97

60.10 ± 15.10

Olfactory bulb

18.58 ± 6.127

26.77 ± 14.24

23.47 ± 11.87

25.26 ± 13.44

15.74 ± 2.848

17.04 ± 4.781

17.38 ± 4.052

16.57 ± 2.744

Striatum

9.636 ± 2.148

9.643 ± 1.677

11.16 ± 3.700

11.58 ± 2.340

7.375 ± 2.047

6.979 ± 1.390

6.956 ± 1.072

7.978 ± 2.517

Frontal cortex

9.605 ± 3.311

11.22 ± 3.896

9.428 ± 4.862

11.09 ± 2.339

5.973 ± 1.285

6.161 ± 0.789

6.422 ± 1.225

6.029 ± 0.578

Hypothalamus

21.42 ± 6.130

24.46 ± 6.736

50.96 ± 27.71a

23.12 ± 4.293b

10.50 ± 2.365

12.04 ± 2.413

16.85 ± 3.627a

15.51 ± 2.898a

Hippocampus

7.753 ± 1.220

9.704 ± 0.950

11.73 ± 3.021a

12.06 ± 2.466a

6.070 ± 1.327

7.029 ± 1.186

8.580 ± 1.862a

6.594 ± 0.875b

Thalamus

10.05 ± 2.202

10.41 ± 2.625

8.770 ± 3.176

10.54 ± 2.138

7.135 ± 0.815

7.107 ± 1.435

6.421 ± 0.632

6.402 ± 0.674

Parietal cortex

8.412 ± 2.212

10.78 ± 3.310

9.458 ± 3.105

10.79 ± 2.743

6.235 ± 1.416

6.235 ± 1.369

6.413 ± 1.840

5.763 ± 0.827

Occipital cortex

9.764 ± 2.013

12.10 ± 3.037

10.31 ± 2.756

10.53 ± 2.759

7.815 ± 1.858

6.898 ± 1.683

7.451 ± 1.669

7.581 ± 1.401

Cerebellum

8.223 ± 2.127

10.12 ± 2.517

9.427 ± 3.065

10.20 ± 1.709

6.832 ± 1.551

6.890 ± 1.142

8.018 ± 3.389

6.654 ± 1.005

Midbrain

8.889 ± 3.054

13.09 ± 5.116

10.51 ± 3.445

12.87 ± 2.407

7.309 ± 1.458

7.321 ± 1.706

7.913 ± 1.991

6.774 ± 1.046

Pons-medulla

11.95 ± 4.057

13.90 ± 3.024

11.78 ± 4.316

14.71 ± 3.700

9.642 ± 1.321

10.92 ± 2.397

11.92 ± 6.198

10.24 ± 2.984

  1. 14C-sucrose was used to assess permeability after TPM treatment
  2. Units, µL/g. Values are expressed as mean ± SD. Significance was determined by a one-way analysis of variance followed by Newman–Keuls post-test
  3. LF low-fat diet + saline group, LF TPM low-fat diet + topiramate group, HF high-fat diet + saline group, HF TPM high-fat diet + topiramate group
  4. aSignificance in comparison to LF control
  5. bSignificance in comparison to HF