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Prospective evaluation of selected cytokines for hydrocephalus surgery
Cerebrospinal Fluid Research volume 4, Article number: S46 (2007)
Background
The aim of the study was the evaluation of different cytokines in children with hydrocephalus (HC) of different genesis. Increasing ICP should lead to changes in cytokine levels in CSF and serum, respectively. We expected knowledge about the cellular pathology in HC children, but also findings improving diagnostics as well as early detection of higher risk for shunt blockage.
Materials and methods
From 2003 to 2006 47 children with HC receiving surgery for shunting and shunt revision were selected for cytokine analysis in CSF and serum. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), leptin and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) were detected in CSF and serum samples by commercially available ELISA kits (R&D).
Results
All selected cytokines could be detected in the serum as well as in the CSF of all children. In comparison to children with HC caused from other geneses, children with posthaemorrhagic HC were characterised by significantly higher IL-6 levels in CSF. There was no correlation between ICP at time of operation and the level of cytokines in CSF and serum. In children with enhanced serum levels of FGF and IGF-1, a revision of the shunting system due to blockage was necessary within 18 months. In contrast to shunt revisions due to mechanical problems (dislocation, disconnection), shunt dysfunction due to obstruction was characterised by significantly higher levels of VEGF and leptin in CSF.
Conclusion
The initial assumption that cytokine levels in HC depend on the ICP was not confirmed. Depending on the clinical course we have found differentiated cytokine levels. The determined cytokines probably reflect complex cellular regulatory processes within the ventricular fluid that are grossly unknown. Our results have to be verified in a prospective clinical trial to determine the predictive value of cytokines for possible shunt complications.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Geyer, C., Graefe, G., Pauer, A. et al. Prospective evaluation of selected cytokines for hydrocephalus surgery. Fluids Barriers CNS 4 (Suppl 1), S46 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8454-4-S1-S46
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8454-4-S1-S46