Fig. 7From: Effects of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood–brain barrierExpression and localization of bacterial and viral sensing toll like receptors (TLRs) in early and mid-gestation trimester isolated human fetal brain endothelial cells (hfBECs). Representative immunofluorescence photomicrographs of TLR-3 (green), TLR-4 (green) and TLR-8 (red) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF; endothelial cell marker (red)) in early (A–D) and mid-gestation (E–H) hfBECs. Blue indicates DAPI staining. Inserts show rabbit IgG (E), IgG2b (F) and PBS (G, H) negative controls. Scale bars = 23 μm. TLR-3 (I), TLR-4 (J) and TLR-8 (K) mRNA levels in early and mid-gestation hfBECs. Early and mid-gestation hfBECs were cultured in the same batch to allow comparison between early and mid-gestation subjects. Data are expressed as means ± SD. N = 6/group (if N < 6, an outlier has been removed). Statistical analysis was conducted using an unpaired t-test. *p < 0.05Back to article page