Fig. 3

Metabolomic abundance profiling showed hpBMEC and hiBMEC have distinct metabolomes, largely driven by changed in acyl-carnitines. A Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of metabolic LC–MS data from hpBMEC and hiBMEC cultured with 5.5 mM U-¹³C₆-glucose for 24 h. B Log₂(fold change) versus -log₁₀(p-value), identifying metabolites that are statistically significantly different following Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0003) and biologically relevant (fold change > 2.32). Acyl-carnitines are circled. Plot generated in MetaboAnalyst 5.0. C Variable importance in projection (VIP) scores plot, showing metabolites with VIP scores greater than 1.50. Red box = higher and blue box = lower in each cell type. Generated in MetaboAnalyst 5.0. D Metabolomic heat map, organized by metabolomic subsystem. n = 6 biological replicates