Blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow oscillations measured with real-time phase-contrast MRI: breathing mode matters

Table 1 Average flow rate (ml/s) over the 60 s-acquisition and cross-sectional area (mm²), for Internal Carotid Artery (ICA), Internal Jugular vein (IJV), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

	Region of interest	F	PN	PD	F vs PN	F vs PD	PN vs PD
Average flow rate (ml/s)	ICA	7.52 ± 1.75	6.06 ± 1.61	4.73 ± 1.25	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	IJV	− 7.31 ± 2.29	− 5.74 ± 2.45	− 4.52 ± 2	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	CSF	0 ± 0.11	0.02 ± 0.12	0.04 ± 0.11	0	0	0
	Absolute CSF	1.09 ± 0.29	1.12 ± 0.35	1.11 ± 0.39	1	1	1
Cross-sectional area (mm²)	ICA	33.23 ± 7.52	33.27 ± 6.15	30.75 ± 5.16	1	0.209	0.038
	IJV	38.21 ± 26.45	37.73 ± 27.67	36.01 ± 24.12	1	0.985	1
	CSF	178.9 ± 53.45	186.31 ± 48.98	182.82 ± 54.34	0.974	1	1
Systolic peak (caudal peak for the CSF)	ICA	10.29 ± 2.44	8.64 ± 2.50	6.73 ± 2.00	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	IJV	− 9.08 ± 3.14	− 7.10 ± 3.41	− 5.44 ± 2.65	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
	CSF	− 1.81 ± 0.60	− 1.83 ± 0.60	1.54 ± 0.57	1	0.016	0.002
Diastolic peak (cranial peak for the CSF)	ICA	5.11 ± 1.34	3.83 ± 1.19	2.79 ± 0.99	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
	IJV	− 5.90 ± 2.05	− 4.73 ± 1.76	− 3.91 ± 1.72	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.006
	CSF	1.44 ± 0.53	1.54 ± 0.53	1.49 ± 0.59	0.360	1	1

Mean values ± standard deviation are reported. The free (F), paced normal (PN), paced and deep (PD) respirations paired comparisons are all significant with p < 0.05

ISSN: 2045-8118