Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
All individuals (n = 1,356) | DESH (n = 25) | non-DESH (n = 1,331) | DESH vs. non-DESH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
P-value | ||||
Age, years | 73.8 (6.2) | 79.4 (7.5) | 73.7 (6.1) | < 0.0001* |
Female sex | 834 (61.5%) | 13 (52.0%) | 821 (61.7%) | 0.3242 |
Education (≤ 9 years) | 354 (26.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | 349 (26.2%) | 0.4829 |
Hypertension | 972 (71.7%) | 21 (84.0%) | 951 (71.5%) | 0.1676 |
Diabetes mellitus | 209 (15.4%) | 5 (20.0%) | 204 (15.3%) | 0.5214 |
Dyslipidemia | 692 (51.0%) | 9 (36.0%) | 683 (51.3%) | 0.1291 |
Atrial fibrillation | 81 (6.0%) | 2 (8.0%) | 79 (5.9%) | 0.6661 |
Coronary artery disease | 70 (5.2%) | 4 (16.0%) | 66 (5.0%) | 0.0134* |
Heart failure | 19 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (1.4%) | 0.5474 |
BMI | 23.5 (3.3) | 23.2 (2.7) | 23.5 (3.3) | 0.6760 |
History of smoking | 354 (26.1%) | 5 (20.0%) | 349 (26.2%) | 0.4829 |
MMSE | 27.4 (2.5) | 25.9 (2.9) | 27.4 (2.4) | 0.0021* |
TUG | 8.6 (1.7) | 10.1 (2.0) | 8.6 (1.7) | < 0.0001* |
Cognitive impairmenta | 221 (16.3%) | 8 (32.0%) | 213 (16.0%) | 0.0319* |
Gait disturbanceb | 58 (4.3%) | 4 (16.0%) | 54 (4.1%) | 0.0034* |
Imaging | ||||
MRI scanner (Philips) | 901 (66.4%) | 17 (68.0%) | 884 (66.4%) | 0.8680 |
Fazekas scorec | 2.1 (2.1) | 3.7 (1.8) | 2.1 (2.1) | 0.0002* |
Lacunar infarction | 300 (22.1%) | 13 (52.0%) | 287 (21.6%) | 0.0003* |
Microbleeds | 187 (13.8%) | 6 (24.0%) | 181 (13.6%) | 0.1351 |
Perivascular space | 0.0001 (0.00005) | 0.0001 (0.00005) | 0.0001 (0.00005) | 0.5991 |
VS | 0.0335 (0.0088) | 0.0527 (0.0092) | 0.0331 (0.0084) | < 0.0001* |
SF | 0.0136 (0.0022) | 0.0180 (0.0029) | 0.0136 (0.0021) | < 0.0001* |
SHM | 0.0371 (0.0074) | 0.0206 (0.0067) | 0.0374 (0.0071) | < 0.0001* |