Fig. 3
From: The effect of A1 and A2 reactive astrocyte expression on hydrocephalus shunt failure
Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine concentrations for obstructed and non-obstructed shunts. Analytes include C3, C1q, and IL-1α (A1 astrocyte markers), IL-1β and IL-6 (A2 astrocyte markers), TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10. For normalization, the concentration of each cytokine is divided by the total protein concentration for each group. Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann Whitney U test; p > 0.05 (n = 10 per group, mean ± SEM)