Glioblastoma microenvironment contains multiple hormonal and non-hormonal growth-stimulating factors

Table 6 Tumor growth-associated proteins in cyst fluid from cystic glioblastomas

Protein	Function in tumor biology	N	Mean ± SD
SPARCL 1	Glioma cell proliferation and invasion	12	9.0 ± 0.4
IGF-BP 2	Glioma cell invasion. Vasculogenic mimicry	12	8.3 ± 0.6
Kininogen-1/bradykinin	Glioma cell migration. Endothelial leakage	12	9.6 ± 0.2
Kallikrein	Endothelial leakage. Anti-apoptotic	12	7.9 ± 0.5
Osteopontin	Tumor cell migration	12	9.9 ± 0.5
FAM3C	Invasion. Proliferation	11	7.9 ± 0.3
TREM2	Glioma cell invasion. Proliferation	9	7.8 ± 0.3
CD166 (secreted)	Glioma cell invasion	9	7.7 ± 0.5
Prosaposin	Invasion. Anti-apoptotic	7	7.5 ± 0.4
Clusterin (secreted)	Anti-apoptotic	12	10.2 ± 0.3
Soluble CD5L	Anti-apoptotic	10	8.1 ± 0.5
HYOU1	Anti-apoptotic. Hypoxia adaptation	8	7.7 ± 0.6
HGFA	Activates HGF	9	7.7 ± 0.4
HRG	Tumor vascularization	12	10.1 ± 0.5
Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Tumor vascularization	12	10.1 ± 0.5
LRG	Tumor vascularization	12	9.9 ± 0.4
GRP78 (secreted)	Tumor vascularization	12	8.6 ± 0.7
MIF	Tumor vascularization	9	7.9 ± 0.6
VEGFA	Tumor vascularization. Vasculogenic mimicry. Endothelial leakage	8	7.7 ± 0.2
HDGF	Tumor vascularization	2	7.8 ± 0.4
Cadherin-5 (soluble)	Endothelial leakage. Vasculogenic mimicry	12	8.2 ± 0.8

Cyst fluid from 12 cystic glioblastomas was sampled during tumor surgery and the proteome was analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Column “N” gives the number of samples out of 12 with a positive protein identification. Only samples with a positive protein identification were used to calculate mean ± SD values. Protein levels are given as log-10 of the area under the curve as determined by mass spectrometry. Abbreviations: CD5L: CD5-like protein (CD: cluster of differentiation); FAM3C: family with sequence similarity 3; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; GRP78: glucose-regulated protein 78; HDGF: Hepatoma-derived growth factor; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; HGFA: Hepatocyte growth factor activator; HRG: histidine-rich glycoprotein; HYOU1: hypoxia up-regulated protein 1; LRG: Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; SPARCL1: secreted, acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1; TREM2: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2; VEGFA: vascular endothelial growth factor A

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