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Fig. 2 | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

Fig. 2

From: Expression and functions of adenylyl cyclases in the CNS

Fig. 2

Schematic illustration of GPCR-ADCY signaling pathways. Upon ligand binding to the GPCR, GDP on Gα subunit is replaced with GTP, triggering the dissociation of Gβγ from Gα. The dissociated Gα and Gβγ subunits interact with different effectors and signaling molecules. Gαs directly activates ADCY activity, converting ATP to cAMP, which activates PKA and EPAC. Gαi/o directly activates or inhibits ADCY activity depending on ADCY isoforms. In addition, Gαi/o can inhibit the stimulation of Gαs and Ca2+; and activate MAPK pathway and PLC. Gαq/11 indirectly participates in the regulation of ADCY via Ca2+ and PKC, which are generated via PLC-DAG/IP3 signaling pathway. PKC and Ca2+ can either activate or inhibit ADCY activity in an isoform-specific manner. Gα12/13 activates GEFs-RhoA signaling and does not seem to regulate ADCY activity. Gβγ activates or inhibits ADCY activity depending on its Gα partner and ADCY isoforms. Created with BioRender.com

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