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Fig. 2 | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

Fig. 2

From: Comparative assessment of in vitro BBB tight junction integrity following exposure to cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor: a quantitative evaluation of the protective effects of metformin using small-molecular-weight paracellular markers

Fig. 2

Longitudinal assessment of TSe and ECe impact on BBB permeability. A TSe showed a time-dependent increase in both sucrose and mannitol permeability which was significantly evident after 6 h of exposure and further increased at 24 h compared to 6 and 12 h time points. A similar trend was observed in response to ECe treatment (B), where increased permeability to either sucrose or mannitol became manifest from the 6 h exposure time point and beyond on. However, permeability measurements at 24 h exposure were not statistically different from those taken at 6 and 12 h. C Side by side comparison between TSe and ECe impact on BBB integrity as a sucrose and mannitol permeability function. Note that while the ECe effect plateau after 6 h of exposure, TSe shows a more sustained time-dependent effect which further impairs the integrity of the BBB at 24 h. (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 vs. control; +p < 0.05; +++p < 0.001 vs. 6 and/or 12 h exposure. ANOVA; n = 3 biological replicates)

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