Serial Tap Test of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: impact on cognitive function and its meaning

Table 4 Comparison of the three assessment moments of the INPH group

Original test	Variable	n	BLP	ALP1	ALP2	p*
Original test	Variable	n	Mean ± SD		(Z Score)	p*
OR	Orientation	54	− 2.7 ± 3.5	− 2.4 ± 3.7	− 2.2 ± 3.8	0.018
MC	Mental control	53	− 1.3 ± 2.2	− 1.1 ± 2.1	− 1.2 ± 2.1	0.156
DS	Forward	51	− 0.1 ± 1.3	0.1 ± 1.3	0.1 ± 1.3	0.327
DS	Backward	51	− 0.7 ± 1.4	− 0.6 ± 1.4	− 0.6 ± 1.4	0.600
VF	FAR	28	− 1.2 ± 1.6	− 1 ± 1.8	− 0.9 ± 1.5	0.053
VF	Animals	49	− 1.1 ± 1.2	− 1.2 ± 1.1	− 1 ± 1.3	0.753
RAVLT	A1	50	− 0.5 ± 0.8	− 0.5 ± 0.8	− 0.4 ± 0.9	0.490
	A5	50	− 1.5 ± 1.2	− 1.2 ± 1.1	− 1.5 ± 1.1	0.306
	Total A1−A5	50	− 1.2 ± 1	− 1.1 ± 0.9	− 1.2 ± 1	0.113
	B1	49	− 0.6 ± 1	− 0.6 ± 0.8	− 0.3 ± 1.2	0.024
	A6	51	− 1.2 ± 0.9	− 1.3 ± 0.9	− 1.5 ± 0.8	0.081
	A7	51	− 1.3 ± 0.9	− 1.4 ± 0.9	− 1.5 ± 0.8	0.048
STROOP	S-Dots	45	− 2.2 ± 4.5	− 1.4 ± 3.3	− 1.2 ± 3.1	< 0.001
	S-Words	43	1.5 ± 3.3	1 ± 2.5	0.7 ± 2.1	0.031
	S-Colors	42	− 0.6 ± 1.6	− 0.5 ± 2	− 0.3 ± 1.4	0.541
	S-Errors	36	− 1.9 ± 3.1	− 1.4 ± 2.4	− 0.9 ± 2.2	0.010
CFT	CFT-Cop	26	− 0.6 ± 1.3	− 0.8 ± 1.4	− 0.8 ± 1.3	0.254
	CFT-IR	24	− 0.6 ± 0.9	− 0.4 ± 1.1	0 ± 1.3	0.006
	CFT-DR	15	− 1 ± 0.8	0 ± 2.3	− 0.4 ± 1.4	0.167
MMSE	MMSE	48	− 1.9 ± 2.6	− 1.6 ± 2.8	− 1.4 ± 3	0.021
FAB	FAB	28	− 1.2 ± 1.6	− 1 ± 1.8	− 0.9 ± 1.5	0.188

All values converted and described in Z scores. SD standard deviation, n number of individuals, BLP step before lumbar punctures, ALP1 step after the first lumbar puncture, post ALP2 step after the second lumbar puncture. Source tests: OR orientation, MC mental control, DS digit span, VF verbal fluency test, FAR lexical fluency; Animals: semantic fluency; RAVLT: Rey auditory verbal learning test; S-Dots: Stroop Test—dots step; S-Word: Stroop test – words step; S-Colors: Stroop test- colors step; S-Error: Stroop test – number of errors in the colors step; CFT-cop: Copy of Rey complex figure test; CFT-IR: Immediate reproduction of Rey complex figure test; CFT-DR: Delayed Reproduction of Rey complex figure test; MMSE mini mental state examination, FAB frontal evaluation battery. P values: * Non-parametric Friedman test, p < 0.05

ISSN: 2045-8118