Serial Tap Test of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: impact on cognitive function and its meaning

Table 3 INPH Pre-LP x post-LP1 and pre x post-LP2 cognitive scores, and control group cognitive scores

Variable	n	BLP			ALP1			ALP2		CG
Variable	n	M (SD)	p*	n	M (SD)	p**	n	M (SD)	p***	n	M (SD)
OR	61	9.6 (2.7)	< 0.001	59	9.9 (2.8)	< 0.001	55	9.9 (2.9)	0.001	42	11.7 (0.8)
MC	60	6.1 (2.3)	0.002	57	6.2 (2.2)	0.002	55	6.2 (2.2)	0.002	42	7.5 (1.1)
DS-For	59	5.4 (2.1)	0.707	55	5.7 (2.2)	0.885	54	5.7 (2.2)	0.606	42	5.6 (1.7)
DS-Back	59	3.3 (1.8)	0.003	55	3.4 (1.9)	0.026	54	3.4 (1.9)	0.015	39	4.2 (1.3)
FAR	58	20.7 (12.1)	< 0.001	54	22.4 (13.0)	0.008	52	23.9 (13.1)	0.051	41	29.6 (10.6)
Animals	58	9.3 (4.9)	< 0.001	53	9.2 (4.7)	< 0.001	53	9.6 (5.3)	< 0.001	41	13.9 (4.1)
A1	58	3.1 (1.4)	0.014	54	3.4 (1.7)	0.093	52	3.4 (1.6)	0.146	42	4.0 (1.8)
A5	57	6.0 (3.1)	< 0.001	54	6.6 (2.9)	< 0.001	52	6.0 (2.8)	< 0.001	42	9.6 (2.5)
Total	57	24.5 (10.4)	< 0.001	54	26.6 (10.5)	< 0.001	52	25.3 (10.6)	< 0.001	42	37.0 (10.3)
B1	56	2.7 (1.7)	0.010	53	2.7 (1.5)	0.007	51	3.3 (2.0)	0.293	42	3.7 (1.7)
A6	59	2.7 (1.7)	0.010	55	2.7 (1.5)	0.007	55	3.3 (2.0)	0.293	42	3.7 (1.7)
A7	58	3.2 (2.7)	< 0.001	56	3.0 (2.8)	< 0.001	55	2.5 (2.5)	< 0.001	42	6.7 (2.9)
S-Dots^a	53	31.0 (24.8)	< 0.001	53	25.0 (19.3)	0.038	49	23.1 (16.8)	0.014	41	17.4 (5.3)
S-Word^b	52	42.4 (31.6)	< 0.001	52	34.9 (25.8)	0.023	47	30.0 (19.0)	0.080	41	25.1 (9.1)
S-Colors^c	52	58.6 (32.4)	0.003	49	52.8 (42.7)	0.255	47	46.1 (26.4)	0.479	39	42.8 (18.9)
S-Error^d	46	8.1 (8.8)	< 0.001	46	6.2 (7.1)	0.002	39	4.7 (6.0)	0.092	41	2.3 (2.9)
CFT-cop	34	24.0 (9.4)	0.016	33	22.5 (9.5)	0.002	29	24.2 (9.4)	0.047	42	28.7 (7.1)
CFT- IR	34	7.5 (6.0)	0.003	31	10.0 (8.1)	0.159	27	11.5 (8.8)	0.389	42	12.2 (6.8)
CFT- DR	27	5.4 (4.5)	< 0.001	26	10.9 (11.8)	0.098	20	9.8 (9.0)	0.108	39	11.8 (6.0)

All values described in mean (M) and standard deviation (SD); n: number of individuals; BLP: step before lumbar punctures; ALP1: step after the first lumbar puncture; ALP2: step after the second lumbar puncture. Source tests: OR: orientation; MC: mental control; DS-FOR: forward digit span; DS-BACK: backwards digit span; FAR: verbal fluency test; RAVLT: Rey auditory verbal learning test; S-Dots^a: Stroop Test—dots step; S-Word^b: Stroop test – words step; S-Colors^c: Stroop test- colors step; S-Error^d: Stroop test – number of errors in the colors step; CFT-cop: Copy of Rey complex figure test; CFT-IR: Immediate reproduction of Rey complex figure test; CFT-DR: Delayed Reproduction of Rey complex figure test; MMSE Mini mental state examination, FAB frontal evaluation battery. P values: * non-parametric Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.05

ISSN: 2045-8118