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Table 3 PC-MRI-derived CSF volumetric net flow rates and directions in cerebral aqueduct

From: Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases

 

Total

REF

iNPH

cHC

SIH

AC

PC

IIH

Total (N)

85

23

32

5

4

7

11

3

Direction-independent flow

        

dP (mmHg/cm)

0.079 ± 0.035

0.068 ± 0.029

0.097 ± 0.035b

0.064 ± 0.020

0.060 ± 0.063

0.091 ± 0.034

0.056 ± 0.020

0.072 ± 0.025

Total flow/cycle (ml)

0.145 ± 0.175

0.067 ± 0.057

0.269 ± 0.223c

0.077 ± 0.038

0.058 ± 0.054

0.140 ± 0.129a

0.041 ± 0.023

0.052 ± 0.013

Absolute net flow (ml/cycle)

0.008 ± 0.013

0.004 ± 0.002

0.011 ± 0.012b

0.003 ± 0.002

0.011 ± 0.017a

0.018 ± 0.031a

0.004 ± 0.004

0.007 ± 0.011

Estimated absolute net flow (L/24 h)

0.790 ± 1.217

0.382 ± 0.232

1.087 ± 1.226b

0.236 ± 0.143

1.127 ± 1.659a

1.650 ± 2.836a

0.330 ± 0.374

0.916 ± 1.117a

Antegrade-directed net CSF flow

        

 N (%)

59 (69%)

19 (83%)

18 (56%)a

2 (40%)a

3 (75%)

5 (71%)

10 (91%)

2 (67%)

 Volume (ml/cycle)

0.007 ± 0.010

0.004 ± 0.002

0.012 ± 0.014a

0.003 ± 0.000

0.014 ± 0.019a

0.007 ± 0.005a

0.003 ± 0.002

0.001 ± 0.000

 Estimated volume (L/24 h)

0.681 ± 0.971

0.417 ± 0.234

1.181 ± 1.432a

0.223 ± 0.029

1.408 ± 1.911a

0.698 ± 0.519

0.225 ± 0.149a

0.280 ± 0.261

Retrograde-directed net CSF flow

        

 N (%)

26 (31%)

4 (17%)

14 (44%)

3 (60%)

1 (25%)

2 (29%)

1 (9%)

1 (33%)

 Volume (ml/cycle)

0.011 ± 0.018

0.002 ± 0.002

0.010 ± 0.010

0.002 ± 0.002

0.003

0.044 ± 0.061

0.013

0.020

 Estimated volume (L/24 h)

1.039 ± 1.642

0.215 ± 0.146

0.966 ± 0.935

0.245 ± 0.201

0.283

4.031 ± 5.595

1.374

2.189

Other variables

        

 ROI (cm2)

0.049 ± 0.039

0.028 ± 0.010

0.083 ± 0.043c

0.034 ± 0.015

0.029 ± 0.012

0.041 ± 0.022a

0.021 ± 0.007a

0.028 ± 0.010

 SNR

19.894 ± 3.700

19.145 ± 4.144

20.691 ± 2.573

20.484 ± 2.189

16.739 ± 6.800

22.080 ± 4.692

19.088 ± 3.900

18.225 ± 0.701

 Min velocity (cm/s)

-5.273 ± 2.437

-4.455 ± 1.892

-6.465 ± 2.468b

-4.623 ± 1.667

-5.140 ± 5.284

-6.209 ± 1.533a

-3.783 ± 1.335

-3.381 ± 0.403

 Max velocity (cm/s)

4.075 ± 1.840

3.689 ± 1.923

4.771 ± 1.594a

3.522 ± 1.096

2.291 ± 1.468

4.828 ± 2.616

3.309 ± 1.289

3.963 ± 2.422

  1. AC arachnoid cyst, cHC communicating hydrocephalus, dP pressure gradient, IIH idiopathic intracranial hypertension, iNPH idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, Max maximum, Min minimum, PC pineal cyst, REF reference cohort, ROI region of interest, SIH spontaneous intracranial hypotension, SNR signal to noise ratio
  2. Differences from the REF group were determined by independent samples t-test for continuous variables and Pearson Chi square test for categorical data (aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01, cP < 0.001)