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Fig. 3 | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

Fig. 3

From: Exploring mechanisms of ventricular enlargement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a role of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and motile cilia

Fig. 3

Illustration of cilia loss from the cerebral aqueduct wall surface due to oscillatory shear stress produced by the reciprocating CSF flow. This figure was drawn by our imagination using the Paint 3D application (Microsoft Corporation) and SYNAPSE 3D (FUJIFILM Corporation). The two upper figures depict the cerebral aqueduct in which the coordinated beating of motile cilia on the ependymal cells generate a directional steady flow of CSF under normal conditions. The lower figures illustrate the shedding of the motile cilia from the degenerated ependymal cells due to increased CSF backflow into the ventricles in iNPH

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