Table 1 Pericyte subpopulations according to ontogeny

Neuroectoderm

⇓

Neural crest stem cells

⇓

Ectomesenchyme

⇓

Ectomesenchyme-derived pericytes

Forebrain Leptomeninges

Forebrain vessels

Retinal vessels

Skull, face, neck tissues

Truncus arteriosus

Mesentery (?)

[69, 75,76,77,78,79,80,81]

PAX3, PAX7, TFAP2A

[82]

FOXC1, FOXC2 [83]

Vessel development [76, 84,85,86,87]

Glioblastoma neo-vessels [87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94]

Intraembryonic Mesoderm

⇓

Lateral mesoderm (mesothelium)

⇓

Mesenchyme

⇓

Mesenchyme-derived type 1 pericytes

Lung

Heart

Liver

Gut

[69, 78, 81, 95,96,97,98]

MIXL1, TBXT [82]

Absence in tumor vessels [99]

Fibrosis, myopathies [58, 81]

Intraembryonic mesoderm

⇓

Paraxial mesoderm (sclerotome)

⇓

Mesenchyme

⇓

Mesenchyme-derived type 2 pericytes

Midbrain

Hindbrain

Spinal cord

[69, 76, 78, 100, 101]

MIXL1, TBXT [82]

Vessel development

Tumor neo-vessels

Glioma neo-vessels

[102, 103]

Extraembryonic mesoderm

⇓

Mesenchyme

⇓

Yolk sac-derived myeloid progenitor

⇓

Macrophage-derived pericytes

Midbrain

Rostral back skin

Retina

[104, 105]

Kcnj8, Rgs5, Dlk1, and Abcc9, TGFBR2 [105]

Vascular anastomosis [106]

Retinal vascular density [107]

Tumor angiogenesis [108]