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Fig. 8 | Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

Fig. 8

From: Neural crest cell-derived pericytes act as pro-angiogenic cells in human neocortex development and gliomas

Fig. 8

Example of alternative modes of tumor vessel growth in human GBM. a, b Multiple, EC-free pericyte conduits arise from a tumor vessel characterized by multilayers of PCs labeled by different NG2 isoforms (a, arrows) and an NG2+ pericyte MT surrounded by the collagen IV basal lamina (b, arrowheads). c A typical vessel sprout observed during cerebral cortex vascularization in a human fetus at 22 weeks of gestation; the CD31+ endothelial tip cell is characterized by a TNT-like process (arrow), a number of shorter, exploring filopodia, and a cloud of tip cell-associated microvescicles, confront with a GBM mimicking vessel sprout (d, arrow) formed by CD31+ glioblastoma cell-derived ECs [90, 92], surrounded by a disassembled collagen IV basal lamina and numerous, scattered, CD31+ cells. This growing structure closely resembles glioblastoma cells described migration in vitro through a 3D matrix [91]. Scale bars a, b 20 µm; c, d 10 µm

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