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Table 3 Comparison of phase contrast flow measures between MS patients and HCs

From: Longitudinal analysis of cerebral aqueduct flow measures: multiple sclerosis flow changes driven by brain atrophy

AoS-derived measures

At baseline

At follow-up

HCs (n = 15)

MS (n = 35)

p-value

HCs vs MS

HCs (n = 15)

MS (n = 31)

p-value

HCs vs. MS

Vmean systolic peak (cm/s)

5.07 ± 2.29

5.73 ± 2.35

0.611

4.70 ± 1.91

5.40 ± 1.68

0.222

Vmean diastolic peak (cm/s)

− 3.95 ± 2.31

− 4.30 ± 1.45

0.639

− 3.71 ± 2.21

− 4.09 ± 1.16

0.408

Vmax systolic peak (cm/s)

9.08 ± 4.5

9.82 ± 3.48

0.817

9.22 ± 4.74

9.53 ± 2.87

0.834

Vmax diastolic peak (cm/s)

− 6.5 ± 3.16

− 7.32 ± 2.13

0.468

− 6.76 ± 4.1

− 7.82 ± 2.68

0.315

Average area (mm2)

2.53 ± 1.14

3.13 ± 1.18

0.325

2.57 ± 1.27

3.58 ± 1.55

0.045

Flow rate systolic peak (ml/min)

8.35 ± 5.85

10.61 ± 5.41

0.508

7.71 ± 5.02

11.75 ± 7.22

0.072

Flow rate diastolic peak (ml/min)

− 6.60 ± 5.38

− 7.92 ± 3.58

0.582

− 6.32 ± 5.49

− 9.10 ± 5.52

0.132

Net vol caudal (µl/beat)

37.01 ± 24.48

47.42 ± 26.23

0.534

29.59 ± 18.85

49.25 ± 33.63

0.052

Net vol cranial (µl/beat)

− 36.91 ± 34.83

− 40.7 ± 23.39

0.895

− 32.49 ± 35.67

− 44.58 ± 31.59

0.302

  1. HCs healthy controls, MS multiple sclerosis, AoS Aqueduct of Sylvius, Vmean average velocity, Vmax maximal velocity
  2. All measures are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age and sex was utilized. p-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and shown in bold italics where trending values are shown in italics