TY - JOUR AU - Dur, A. H. AU - Tang, T. AU - Viviano, S. AU - Sekuri, A. AU - Willsey, H. R. AU - Tagare, H. D. AU - Kahle, K. T. AU - Deniz, E. PY - 2020 DA - 2020/12/11 TI - In Xenopus ependymal cilia drive embryonic CSF circulation and brain development independently of cardiac pulsatile forces JO - Fluids and Barriers of the CNS SP - 72 VL - 17 IS - 1 AB - Hydrocephalus, the pathological expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled cerebral ventricles, is a common, deadly disease. In the adult, cardiac and respiratory forces are the main drivers of CSF flow within the brain ventricular system to remove waste and deliver nutrients. In contrast, the mechanics and functions of CSF circulation in the embryonic brain are poorly understood. This is primarily due to the lack of model systems and imaging technology to study these early time points. Here, we studied embryos of the vertebrate Xenopus with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging to investigate in vivo ventricular and neural development during the onset of CSF circulation. SN - 2045-8118 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-020-00234-z DO - 10.1186/s12987-020-00234-z ID - Dur2020 ER -