| Type | Location | Size [mm] | Primary function | Hormones | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH | Secretory | Posterior part of the hypophysis originating from the floor of the third ventricle | 1.0–2.9 | Releasing hormones received from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei | Vasopressin Oxytocin | |
ME | Secretory | Extension of the floor of the third ventricle | 0.3 | Hypophysial portal system: transporting hormones to the hypophysis | Vasopressin Oxytocin | |
PG | Secretory | Posterior wall of the third ventricle | 1.7 | Regulating circadian rhythms | Melatonin | |
OVLT | Sensory | Rostral wall of the third ventricle | 0.2 | Water and sodium homeostasis and immune response | Angiotensin II Cytokines | |
SFO | Sensory | Inferior surface of the fornix/roof of the third ventricle | 0.3–0.6 | Water and sodium homeostasis | Angiotensin II | |
AP | Sensory | Floor of the fourth ventricle | 0.5 | Opening the central canal, cardiovascular and respiratory regulation and controlling the vomiting center | Substance P |