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Table 1 General characteristics of noninvasive ICP monitoring techniques

From: Review: pathophysiology of intracranial hypertension and noninvasive intracranial pressure monitoring

Method

Population

Continuous

Use

Rank

TCD

Varied

Yes

Estimation

3

TDTD

Varied

No

Estimation

3

Dynamic MRI

Hydrocephalus

No

Classification

2

NIRS

TBI

Yes

Classification

1

TMD

Hydrocephalus/Meniere’s disease

No

Classification

1

OAE

Healthy

Yes

Classification

2

SVP

Unspecified

No

Classification (only)

1

ONSD

Varied

No

Classification

3

Ophthalmoscopy

TBI

No

Classification (only)

1

OCT

N/A

No

N/A

1

VEP

Varied

Possible

Estimation

2

EEG

Varied

Possible

Estimation

1

  1. The Method column refers to the technique name or abbreviation. The Population column refers to the patient population that has been studied using that method. The Continuous column specifies whether the method can be used for continuous monitoring. The Use column refers to whether the method has been primarily indicated for use in estimation of ICP value or classification into ICP labels. Finally, the Rank column offers a subjective ranking of the authors’ assessment of the current state of research regarding the efficacy of the method for monitoring ICP: 1 (inaccurate/not useful/lack of evidence), 2 (potentially useful/needs more research), and 3 (likely useful as a supplement to invasive measurement in some situations). Abbreviations used: TCD (Transcranial Doppler), TDTD (two-depth transorbital doppler), NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy), TMD (tympanic membrane displacement), OAE (otoacoustic emissions), SVP (spontaneous venous pulsations), ONSD (optic nerve sheath diameter), OCT (optical coherence tomography), VEP (visual evoked potentials), EEG (electroencephalography)