Fig. 4
The effect of kainate treatment on primary rat brain endothelial cells. a Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. b Nitric oxide (NO) production. Cells were treated with 100 µM kainate (KA) for 1 or 24 h. Control groups (C) received only culture medium. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 100 µM) served as reference compound in the ROS measurement, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 µM) served as reference compound in the NO assay. Mean ± SD, n = 4–6, ANOVA and Dunnett test, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group