Fig. 4

Flow rates of all subjects at the six axial locations along the spine for the ALS (red) and the control (blue) groups. The respective mean flow rate over the ALS and the control group are depicted in the bold lines. The feature points are marked at the peak systolic CSF flow with the corresponding standard deviation error bars regarding timing and flow. The FM’s peak systolic CSF flow is significantly different between the two groups regarding timing (p = 0.0136) as evaluated by the Mann–Whitney U test. Note that the y-axis scale for T11–T12 and L3–L4 are different from the other four axial locations