Fig. 4
Tendency towards increased occurrence of autophagic vacuoles in iNPH. a Examples of autophagic vacuoles (AV) are given from a REF and b iNPH individuals. While autophagic vacuoles were observed in 2/9 (22%) REF individuals, it was seen in 16/28 (57%) iNPH patients (P = 0.068, Chi square test). c The area of autophagic vacuoles per soma was 5–6-fold higher in iNPH (125,393 ± 342,944 versus 713,706 ± 1,276,033 nm2; P = 0.069; Mann–Whitney U-test). Differences between groups were not significant when considering age-differences by multi-variate analysis. d The fraction of autophagic vacuoles was about fivefold higher in iNPH (0.6 ± 1.7 versus 3.2 ± 5.6; P = 0.04; Mann–Whitney U-test). However, multi-variate analysis showed no significant differences between groups when considering the age-differences. Error bars in b and c are 95% CI. Magnification ×11,500; Scale bar 1 µm. N nucleus. The nuclear membrane in indicated by black arrowheads