Table 1 CSF biomarkers and their semiological value for different diseases (left columns)
Biomarkers | Diseases and expected value: high or low (↑/↓) | A). Blood/CSF ratio mean value of CSF pools 1 and 2 (standard error of the mean) | B). Plasma/CSF ratio mean value of CSF pools 1 and 2 (standard error of the mean) |
|---|---|---|---|
Albumin | 28 (3.9) | 29 (3.2) | |
Amino acids | |||
Taurine | – | 4.9 (0.2) | 2.9 (0.5) |
Aspartate | – | 15 (8.2) | 1.3 (0.07) |
Threonine | – | 1.9 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.2) |
Serine | Serine deficiency (↓) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.1) |
Glutamate | – | 7.3 (1.7) | 1.6 (0.1) |
Glutamine | Hyperamoniemias (↑) | 1.05 (0.03) | 1.1 (0.1) |
Glycine | Hyperglycinemias (↑) | 3.2 (0.06) | 2.2 (0.1) |
Alanine | Mitochondrial Dis. (↑) | 2.5 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.4) |
Citrulline | – | 2.6 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.3) |
Valine | BCAA defects (↑/↓) | 2.5 (0.3) | 2.6 (0.5) |
Methionine | – | 2.4 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.4) |
Isoleucine | BCCA defects (↑/↓) | 2.3 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.3) |
Leucine | BCCA defects (↑/↓) | 2.3 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.4) |
Tyrosine | – | 2.05 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.2) |
Phenylalanine | – | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.6 (0.2) |
Ornithine | – | 4.6 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.02) |
Lysine | – | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) |
Hystidine | – | 1.9 (0.01) | 1.8 (0.1) |
Arginine | – | 0.55 (0.1) | 1.5 (0.1) |
5-HIAA | Serotonin related (↓) | 0.6 (0.04) | 0.93 (0.04) |
HVA | Dopamine (↑/↓) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.9 (0.01) |
Biopterin | Pterin defects (↑/↓) | 1.0 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) |
Neopterin | Pterin defects (↑/↓) Immune events (↑) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) |
Thiamine | Transport defects (↓) | 3.0 (0.05) | 2.2 (0.05) |
5-MTHF | Transport/metabolism defects (↓) | 1.75 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.1) |
PLP | Transport/metabolism defects (↓) | 3.7 (0.3) | 2.5 (0.3) |