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Table 1 Summary of reviewed B waves terminology and characteristics

From: B waves: a systematic review of terminology, characteristics, and analysis methods

Article

Terminology

Frequency (waves/min)

Analysis tool

Additional comments

(ICP) slow waves

ICP waves

(ICP) B waves

Lundberg B waves

B slow waves

Vasogenic waves

Slow vasogenic (ICP) waves

Other

Spiegelberg et al. [26]

  

X

   

X

 

0.5–2

0.33–3

Cross-correlation

 

Lalou et al. [12]

X

 

X

  

X

  

0.3–4

Spectral analysis

 

Czosnyka et al. [27]

X

     

X

    

Cabella et al. [28]

X

          

Kojoukhova et al. [29]

  

X

      

Visual inspection

 

Lalou et al. [30]

X

 

X

  

X

X

X

0.3–4

Spectral analysis

Slow wave

Czosnyka et al. [31]

X

     

X

 

0.33–3

  

Santamarta et al. [7]

X

 

X

     

0.5–2

 

4 types, N:5

Hamilton et al. [32]

X

 

X

X

       

Moyse et al. [33]

X

          

Lu et al. [34]

X

       

0.5–3

Multiscale entropy

 

Antes et al. [35]

X

 

X

X

   

X

0.5–3

 

Lundberg wave

Horcajadas Almansa et al. [36]

  

X

        

Horcajadas Almansa et al. [37]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Visual inspection

 

Varsos et al. [38]

X

       

0.33–3

  

Cordero Tous et al. [39]

  

X

        

Weerakkody et al. [40]

X

     

X

X

0.3–2

Visual inspection

Vasogenic ICP wave

Lewis et al. [41]

X

 

X

        

Budohoski et al. [42]

X

  

X

  

X

 

0.3–3

  

Elixmann et al. [43]

  

X

     

0.5–3

 

N:3

Smielewski et al. [44]

X

 

X

   

X

    

Jetzki et al. [45]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Kasprowicz et al. [9]

X

 

X

     

0.5–2

MOCAIP

3 types

Hamilton et al. [15]

X

        

MOCAIP

 

Hu et al. [16]

  

X

      

MOCAIP

 

Kim et al. [46]

      

X

    

Shahsavari et al. [47]

X

          

Horcajadas Almansa et al. [48]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Visual inspection

 

Asgari et al. [49]

  

X

        

Weerakkody et al. [50]

X

 

X

X

 

X

X

 

0.5–3

Spectral analysis

 

Weerakkody et al. [51]

X

X

X

     

0.5–2

0.5–3

  

Eide et al. [52]

 

X

X

X

       

Hu et al. [17]

X

          

Kasprowicz et al. [53]

X

 

X

     

0.5–2

MOCAIP

 

Ursino et al. [54]

  

X

        

Hamilton et al. [55]

X

 

X

      

Visual inspection

N:20, O:30

Lee et al. [56]

  

X

     

0.2–3

  

Damasceno et al. [57]

  

X

        

Czosnyka et al. [58]

X

       

0.3–3

Wavelet analysis

 

Brady et al. [59]

X

 

X

        

Stevens et al. [60]

  

X

    

X

  

Hypertensive ICP spikes

Petrella et al. [61]

X

 

X

    

X

0.33–3

Spectral analysis

Lundberg ICP B wave

Schuhmann et al. [62]

X

 

X

  

X

 

X

 

Spectral analysis

Vasogenic intracrnial  wave

Minns et al. [63]

X

 

X

    

X

 

Visual inspection

Slow ICP pressure wave

Jantzen et al. [64]

  

X

X

       

Geocadin et al. [65]

  

X

     

0.5–2

 

N:3

Czosnyka et al. [66]

X

     

X

 

0.33–3

Spectral analysis

 

Wang et al. [67]

X

          

Delavallee et al. [68]

  

X

        

Czosnyka et al. [69]

X

       

0.33–3

  

Guendling et al. [70]

X

       

0.33–3

  

Czosnyka et al. [71]

X

 

X

        

Schmidt et al. [72]

  

X

      

Visual inspection

 

Agren-Wilsson et al. [73]

  

X

        

Lescot et al. [4]

  

X

X

   

X

0.5–2

 

Lundberg ICP B wave

Balestreri et al. [74]

X

 

X

   

X

X

0.33–3

 

Vasogenic ICP wave

Stephensen et al. [75]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Spectral analysis and amplitude

 

Czosnyka et al. [76]

X

       

0.2–3

  

Fountas et al. [77]

X

   

X

  

X

0.5–2

 

ICP slow B wave

Czosnyka et al. [78]

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

0.33–2

Spectral analysis and amplitude

 

Momjian et al. [14]

X

 

X

X

  

X

X

0.33–3

Spectral analysis

Lundberg ICP B wave

Lenfeldt et al. [79]

  

X

     

0.5–2

 

N:1

Edsbagge et al. [80]

  

X

      

Spectral analysis

 

Balestreri et al. [81]

X

 

X

     

0.33–3

Spectral analysis

 

Ragauskas et al. [82]

X

   

X

  

X

0.3–2

  

Strik et al. [83]

X

 

X

     

0.5–3

Spectral analysis

 

Daley et al. [84]

 

X

X

     

0.5–2

Spectral analysis

 

Stephensen et al. [85]

 

X

X

        

Poca et al. [86]

  

X

        

Lemaire et al. [87]

X

X

X

X

    

0.5–2

  

Czosnyka et al. [88]

X

X

X

  

X

  

0.5–3

  

Walter et al. [89]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Spectral analysis

 

Schmidt et al. [90]

X

       

0.5–2

  

Eklund et al. [23]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Spectral analysis and amplitude

 

Vanneste et al. [91]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Schoeman et al. [92]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Visual inspection

 

Schuhmann et al. [93]

  

X

        

Czosnyka et al. [94]

  

X

      

Spectral analysis

 

Droste et al. [95]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Visual inspection

 

Qureshi et al. [96]

  

X

     

1–2

 

N:3

Czosnyka et al. [97]

X

      

X

  

Slow spontaneous waves in ICP

Czosnyka et al. [98]

X

X

         

Newell et al. [99]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Lemaire et al. [100]

X

 

X

     

0.5–2

  

Steinmeier et al. [101]

 

X

X

     

0.5–2

  

Hanlo et al. [13]

  

X

     

3–4

 

O:15

Krauss et al. [102]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Visual inspection

 

Wayenberg et al. [103]

  

X

     

0.5–3

  

Lemaire et al. [104]

X

 

X

     

0.5–3

Spectral analysis

 

Krauss et al. [105]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Droste et al. [106]

  

X

      

Visual inspection

 

Takeda et al. [107]

  

X

        

Newell et al. [108]

 

X

X

     

0.5–2

Spectral analysis

 

Raftopoulos et al. [6]

  

X

     

0.5–3

  

Sahuqillo et al. [109]

  

X

       

N:10

Hara et al. [110]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Spectral analysis

 

Handa et al. [111]]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Yokota et al. [8]

  

X

     

0.5–2

Visual inspection

 

Takeuchi et al. [112]

  

X

        

Yokota et al. [113]

  

X

      

Visual inspection

 

Sato et al. [114]

       

X

  

Lundberg’s B

Maeda et al. [115]

  

X

        

Gjerris et al. [116]

  

X

        

Hayashi et al. [117]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Schoeman et al. [118]

  

X

      

Visual inspection

 

Kosteljanetz et al. [119]

  

X

        

Hayashi et al. [120]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Brock et al. [121]

  

X

        

Kuchiwaki et al. [122]

       

X

  

B type pressure wave

Tamaki et al. [123]

  

X

        

Auer et al. [124]

  

X

     

0.5–2

  

Terzano et al. [125]

   

X

   

X

  

Lundberg B-type CSF pressure waves

Gjerris et al. [126]

  

X

     

1–2

 

N:5

Tomei et al. [127]

  

X

        

Kaye et al. [128]

  

X

       

N:10

Bilz et al. [129]

  

X

        

Munari et al. [130]

X

      

X

  

Pressure waves of the Lundberg type b

Guieu et al. [131]

  

X

X

   

X

0.5–2

 

type B pressure  waves

Wilkinson et al. [132]

  

X

        

Liguoi et al. [133]

  

X

        

Fuentes et al. [134]

  

X

        

Munari et al. [135]

  

X

X

   

X

  

Lundberg’s B waves

Hayashi et al. [136]

  

X

       

N:15, O:45

Martin et al. [2]

   

X

       

Total sum

49

9

96

13

2

6

13

19

   
  1. Table summarizing the main terms and characteristics used to describe B waves with articles sorted based on year of publication. Under terminology, terms that appeared more than five times are given their own column. Less frequent terms are included under other and the term is listed under additional comments. The column frequency describes the occurrence in waves/min of the B waves as described in the corresponding article, while the column analysis tool lists the methodology used to detect B waves. Under additional comments, besides including other terms used to refer to the B waves, extra notes are added: N with an associated number value: Lower amplitude value of X mmHg. O with an associated number value: Upper amplitude value of X mmHg. N types: B waves subclassification into N subgroups