From: The Kuopio idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus protocol: initial outcome of 175 patients
Variables |
Tap positive, infusion test not performed n = 98 |
Tap negative, infusion test not performed n = 29 |
Tap negative, infusion test positive n = 34 |
Tap negative, infusion test negative n = 14 | Test statistics (df) | Test of strength | p value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | % | Number of observations if any missing data | Number of participants | % | Number of observations if any missing data | Number of participants | % | Number of observations if any missing data | Number of participants | % | Number of observations if any missing data | ||||
Outcome | |||||||||||||||
Favorable clinical outcome 3 months postoperatively (yes) | 83 | 85 | 26 | 93 | 28 | 28 | 82 | 11 | 79 | 2.23 (3) | 0.527a | ||||
Walking speed improvement 3 months postoperatively (yes) | 55 | 75 | 73 | 14 | 58 | 24 | 12 | 41 | 29 | 4 | 36 | 11 | 10.72 (3) | 0.32c | 0.003 b |
Favorable INPHGS outcome 3 months postoperatively (yes) | 41 | 48 | 86 | 10 | 43 | 23 | 11 | 36 | 31 | 7 | 70 | 10 | 3.86 (3) | 0.278b | |
Favorable HRQoL outcome 3 months postoperatively (yes) | 31 | 52 | 59 | 7 | 54 | 13 | 14 | 67 | 21 | 3 | 43 | 7 | 1.75 (3) | 0.626a | |
Characteristics | |||||||||||||||
Age (at referral to the neurosurgical department) | 74.3f | 6.9g | 73.5f | 6.1g | 74.1f | 7.3g | 72.4f | 9.2g | 0.66 | 0.882d | |||||
Sex (female) | 43 | 44 | 13 | 45 | 18 | 53 | 8 | 64 | 2.58 (3) | 0.460b | |||||
INPH related symptoms | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of gait | 98 | 100 | 28 | 97 | 32 | 94 | 13 | 93 | 7.02 (3) | 0.071a | |||||
Urinary incontinence or urge | 80 | 82 | 23 | 79 | 26 | 76 | 14 | 100 | 3.87 (3) | 0.276a | |||||
Impaired cognition | 79 | 81 | 27 | 93 | 28 | 82 | 13 | 93 | 4.04 (3) | 0.257b | |||||
Full triad | 65 | 66 | 21 | 72 | 21 | 62 | 12 | 86 | 3.01 (3) | 0.390b | |||||
Onset of iNPH related symtoms | 4.05 (3) | 0.256b | |||||||||||||
Onset a year or less from the referral | 35 | 36 | 95 | 7 | 24 | 15 | 46 | 33 | 7 | 50 | |||||
Onset more than a year from the referral | 60 | 64 | 95 | 22 | 76 | 18 | 54 | 33 | 7 | 50 | |||||
First symptom of iNPH | |||||||||||||||
Impairment of gait or imbalance | 54 | 55 | 17 | 59 | 9 | 27 | 7 | 50 | 9.41 (3) | 0.23c | 0.024b | ||||
Cognition impairment | 21 | 21 | 6 | 21 | 11 | 32 | 6 | 43 | 4.03 (3) | 0.258a | |||||
Vertigo | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 21 | 1 | 7 | 9.59 (3) | 0.21c | 0.022a | ||||
Urinary incontinence or urge | 8 | 8 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2.57 (3) | 0.463a | |||||
Other | 5 | 5 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3.09 (3) | 0.379a | |||||
Severity of INPH related symptoms preoperatively | |||||||||||||||
INPHGS total score (0–12) | 6.1f | 2.6g | 94 | 5.9f | 2.8g | 5.6f | 2.8g | 6.7f | 2.6g | 13 | 1.80 | 0.614d | |||
Cognition impairment (MMSE score, 0–30) | 22.0f | 4.9g | 22.9f | 4.2g | 22.5f | 4.5g | 23.1f | 3.1g | 13 | 0.73 | 0.865d | ||||
Comorbidity | |||||||||||||||
Presence of Aβ or HPτ found in the frontal cortical biopsy | 56 | 60 | 93 | 9 | 34 | 26 | 17 | 55 | 31 | 5 | 45 | 11 | 5.71 (3) | 0.126b | |
Surgical complications | 9h | 9 | 5i | 17 | 1j | 3 | 1k | 7 | 0.259a |