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Table 1 Experimental techniques to determine parameter values for the diffusion equation

From: The need for mathematical modelling of spatial drug distribution within the brain

Technique

Explanation

References

Dual-probe microdialysis

A probe measures local drug concentration after diffusion from the first (release) probe

[128, 152]

Integrative optical imaging

Microscopical imaging of macromolecule attached to fluorescent marker. Uses the hypothesis of restricted diffusiona

[72, 76, 156, 160, 168,169,170,171,172,173,174]

Real-time iontophoresis

Changes in electrical potential induced by charged ions are recorded

[149, 175]

Tracer-based MRIb

Magnetic sensitive contrast agents are attached to water molecules and imaged

[30, 176]

Diffusion MRI/diffusion tensor imaging

Non-invasive techniques to study the random movement of molecules and obtain the diffusion tensorc

[130, 131, 166, 177]

  1. aThis states that with increasing molecule size, diffusion becomes less as the molecules approach the width of the brain extracellular space [178, 179]
  2. bCurrently the only measurement to provide a three-dimensional visualization of the brain ECF bulk flow [30, 176]
  3. cThe diffusion tensor measures the diffusivity in several directions, thereby assessing tissue anisotropy
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Fluids and Barriers of the CNS

ISSN: 2045-8118