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Table 2 PLVAP expression in brain and eye endothelia detected with PAL-E (human tissue) and MECA-32 (mouse tissue)

From: The role of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein in pathological breakdown of blood–brain and blood–retinal barriers: potential novel therapeutic target for cerebral edema and diabetic macular edema

 

PAL-E

MECA-32

Type of endothelium

References

Brain

Adult brain tissues

Parenchyma

BBB

[23, 30]

Cerebellum

ND

BBB

[23]

Cerebral cortex

ND

BBB

[23]

Medulla

ND

BBB

[23]

Meninges

ND

BBB

[23]

Midbrain

ND

BBB

[23]

Spinal cord

ND

BBB

[23]

Choroid plexus

 Lateral ventricle

+

+

Fenestrated

[23, 30]

 Fourth ventricle

+

+

Fenestrated

[23, 30]

Dura mater

+

+

Fenestrated

[23, 30]

Pituitary gland

+

+

Fenestrated

[23, 30]

Fetal brain tissues

+

+

Immature BBB

[30, 38]

Brain tumor tissues

 Primary brain tumors

+

+

Disrupted BBB

[23, 35, 38]

 Metastases

+

ND

Disrupted BBB

[23, 38]

Eye

Normal eye

Retina

BRB

[22, 24, 56, Van der Wijk et al.,  submitted]

Iris

ND

Blood–ocular barrier

[24, 33]

Optic nerve head

 Prelaminal region

+

ND

Continuous

[34]

 Lamina cribosa

ND

BBB

[34]

 Retro-laminar region

ND

BBB

[34]

Orbital optic nerve

ND

BBB

[24]

Choroid

+

+

Fenestrated

[23, 24, 56]

Ciliary process

+

+

Fenestrated

[24, 33, 56]

Ciliary muscle

Blood–ocular barrier

[24, 33, 56]

Conjunctiva

+

ND

Fenestrated

[24]

Extraocular muscle

±

ND

Continuous

[33]

Sclera

+

+

Continuous

[24, 56]

Developing eye

Retina

ND

+

Immature BRB

[Van der Wijk et al., submitted]

Diabetic eye

Retina

+

+

Disrupted BRB

[25, 63]

  1. Grading: −, no staining; ±, variable staining; +, positive staining; ND, not determined; BBB, blood–brain barrier; BRB, blood–retinal barrier