Fig. 3

a In the hydrocephalic HTx rat at postnatal day 5, ventricular zone disruption results in abnormal translocation of neural stem cells (NSC)/neural precursor cells (NPC) into ventricular cerebrospinal fluid. Cells displaced to the ventricle and reaching the CSF retain proliferative capacity, as shown by injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in living animals and tracking the BrdU-positive cells in tissue sections (arrows). df disruption front. b, c Neural stem cells (NSC) grafted into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a hydrocephalic HTx rat move selectively to the disrupted areas of the ventricular zone (VZ). Dispersed cells were grown in a neurosphere culture medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) and devoid of fetal bovine serum. Neurosphere immunostained for nestin after 6 days in vitro (DIV, b). Some of the grafted cells migrate through the subventricular zone; some of them move deeper into the brain tissue (asterisk, c). d Frontal section of the rat subcommissural organ (SCO) immunostained with antibodies against SCO-spondin (AFRU) and βIV-tubulin. CSF cerebrospinal fluid. e, f Organ culture of the bovine SCO. e After 30 DIV, SCO explants form spheres of secretory ependymocytes. Section of an SCO-explant stained with haematoxylin-eosin. f Section of a SCO-explant immunostained with AFRU. g Bovine SCO explant grafted into the lateral ventricle of a hydrocephalic HTx rat. The graft becomes integrated into the wall of the lateral ventricle (LV). SCO-spondin immunoreactive material is shown inside the cells. h Frontal section of a rat brain immunostained with antibodies against transthyretin (TTR).The choroid plexus (CP) is selectively immunoreactive. i, j Organ culture of the bovine choroid plexus. i Section of a CP-explant stained with haematoxylin-eosin. j Section of a CP-explant immunostained with anti-transthyretin. After 60 DIV, the choroid cells display a normal cytology and continue to express TTR. The vasculature and stroma of the villi were virtually missing (asterisk). Scale bars a 15 µm; b–g 50 µm; h 100 µm; i, j 12 µm. a–c were taken from Rodriguez et al. [11]. Reprinted with permission of Pediatr Neurosurg; d was taken from Ortloff et al. [151]. Reprinted with permission of Cell Tissue Res; e, g were taken from Guerra et al. [10]. Reprinted with permission of JNEN