Figure 3
From: Modeling the blood–brain barrier using stem cell sources
Methods for differentiating hPSCs. hPSCs can be differentiated to many different somatic cell types by manipulating a variety of conditions. Soluble cues, including growth factors and small molecules, can activate or inhibit signaling pathways to help direct cell fate. Extracellular matrix composition can also influence cell fate. Autocrine, paracrine, or juxtacrine signaling between neighboring cells can substantially affect differentiation outcomes. Mechanical forces can also be applied to guide hPSC differentiation.