Table 2:
From: Four decades of normal pressure hydrocephalus: are we doing better?
CT | Enlarged ventricles; periventricular hypodensities; flattened cortical sulci; small or absent perihippocampal fissure |
MRI | All of the above; especially small or absent perihippocampal fissure |
Cerebral blood flow | Reduction in frontal lobe BF, global reduction in cerebral metabolism, perventricular decreased BF, basal ganglia and thalamus reduced BF (Transcranial Doppler, SPECT) |
Isotope | Isotope in the ventricles remains static > 72 hours |
Cisternography/ MRI | with no distribution over the convexities |
Removal of CSF | External lumbar drain, lumbar puncture, external ventricular drain |
ICP monitoring | Increase in number, peak and pulse pressure beta waves |
CSF markers | Sr Alpha-1 antichymotripsin, Tau proteins, Sulfatides, neurofilament protein & GFAP, Myelin based protein, TNF-alpha, Lipocalin-type PG-D synthase, galanin |