Figure 4

Microfil distribution patterns in the head of a human (A-F). All images are presented in sagittal plane with gradual magnification of the olfactory area adjacent to the cribriform plate. Reference scales are provided either as a ruler in the image (mm) or as a longitudinal bar (1 mm). As in the other species, Microfil introduced into the subarachnoid space was observed around the olfactory bulb (A), in the perineurial spaces of the olfactory nerves (B, C) and in the lymphatics of the nasal septum (D), ethmoid labyrinth (E) and superior turbinate (F). Due to tissue deterioration, some of the lymphatic vessels had ruptured and Microfil was noted in the interstitium of the submucosa of the nasal septum (D). In (E), Microfil is observed in the subarachnoid space and the perineurial space of olfactory nerves. The perineurial Microfil is continuous with that in lymphatic vessels (arrows). Intact lymphatic vessels containing Microfil are outlined with arrows (D, E, F). b – brain; fs – frontal sinus; cp – cribriform plate; et – ethmoid turbinates; ob – olfactory bulbs; on – olfactory nerves; ns – nasal septum; sas – subarachnoid space.