Table 2 Comparison of IIH patients with healthy controls, MS patients and PNP patients

QNfL, median (IQR)

43.7 (30.0–65.3)

87.9 (56.9–151.0)

40.0 (24.5–63.3)

50.6 (29.7–67.6)

p < 0.0001

IIH > HC, ON, MS

S-NfL (pg/ml), median (IQR)

5.9 (4.3–7.6)

5.7 (4.5–8.0)

12.0 (7.2–23.3)

14.3 (9.8–25.5)

p < 0.0001

MS and PNP > HC, IIH

CSF-NfL (pg/ml), median (IQR)

263.8 (170.2–318.6)

480.2 (354.9–909.4)

536.3 (273.5–1161)

691.7 (450.8–1058)

p < 0.0001

IIH, MS, PNP > HC

Z-score S-NfL, median (IQR)

0.3 (-0.6–1.1)

0.9 (0–1.6)

1.9 (0.9–2.9)

1.3 (0.3–2.4)

p < 0.0001

MS > HC, IIH; PNP > HC

Age at time point NfL (years), median (IQR)

29 (25.5–37)

30 (25.0–40.0)

30 (24–36.8)

55 (47.0–61.0)

p < 0.0001

PNP > HC, IIH, MS

BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD

26.4 ± 7.8

37.1 ± 9.8

25.7 ± 6.3

26.8 ± 4.7

p < 0.0001

IIH > HC, MS, PNP

QAlb*10³, median (IQR)

4.2 (3.2–5.2)

4.2 (3.0–5.6)

4.5 (3.7–6.3)

5.7 (4.5–11.1)

P = 0.0013

PNP > HC, IIH

S-Alb (g/l),median (IQR)

43.5 (41.6–45.2)

41.6 (39–44.5)

45.8 (43.5–48.1)

42.8 (40.7–44.7)

p < 0.0001

MS > HC, IIH, PNP

CSF-Alb (mg/l), median (IQR)

180 (140–237.5)

175 (128–235)

216 (163.5–276)

242 (169.5–471.5)

P = 0.0003

PNP > HC, IIH; MS > IIH

QIgG*10³, median (IQR)

2.0 (1.7–2.6)

2.1 (1.5–3.0)

4.0 (3.1–5.3)

2.8 (2.1–5.3)

p < 0.0001

MS > HC, IIH

PNP > IIH